Expanding the Current Boundaries of Nature-based Modeling and Computing: Chem-Inspiration for Meta-Heuristics

High-throughput methods in science have created a trend to generate massive amount of data that challenge our ability to mine and search through massive information spaces. Thus more efficient and effective solutions for data analysis and optimization are required continuously. The best solutions for many problems-solving approaches in science could have many sources of inspiration coming from diverse natural phenomena. In this context, most Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches benefit from emulation natural processes for their information processing strategy. Among the AI protocols, meta-heuristic algorithms for learning model and optimization have exploited a number of biological phenomena leading to highly effective search and learning engines. Examples of these processes are the ant colony organization, brain function and genetics among others. The evolution has turned all these biological events in highly efficient procedures, whose basics principles have then provided an excellent ground of new computational algorithms The aim of this report is pave the way to a new class of nature-based meta-heuristic methods which shall be based on diverse chemical and biomolecular systems. We present five examples from different subjects of Chemistry like Organic Chemistry, Chemical Physics and Biomolecules; and introduce how computational models could be inferred from them. Besides, we develop one of these models, in detail, which is based on protein evolution and folding principles. We consider that the wealth of systems and processes related to Chemistry, as those described in the present communication, might boost the development of relevant meta-heuristic and classification algorithms in upcoming years.

Method of Parallel Information Object Search in Unified Information Spaces

The article describes the concept of a unified information space and an algorithm of its formation using a special information and computer system. The process of incoming object search in a unified information space is considered, which makes it possible to uniquely identify it by corresponding features. One of the main tasks of a unified information space is that each information object in it is uniquely identified. For this, the identification method was used, which is based on a step-by-step analysis of object characteristics. The method of parallel information object search in unified information spaces is proposed, when information object search will be conducted independently in all unified information spaces in parallel. Experimental studies of the method of parallel information object search in unified information spaces were conducted, on the basis of which the analysis of efficiency and incoming objects search time in unified information spaces was carried out. There was experimentally approved that the more parameters that describe the information object, the less the time of object identification depends on the length of the interval. Also, there was experimentally approved that the efficiency of the searching of the incoming objects in unified information spaces tends to a directly proportional relationship with a decrease in the length of the interval and an increase in the number of parameters, and vice versa.

Development of the set models and a method to form information spaces of scientific activity subjects for the steady development of higher education establishments

This paper describes the basic conceptual apparatus required to form information spaces for scientific activity subjects. Multiple models have been built to identify collective and individual scientific activity subjects, including information on the subjects' publication citations, their abstracts, as well as their indicators in scientometric databases, etc. A conceptual scheme of interaction between collective and individual scientific activity subjects has been described, taking into consideration the dynamics of their productivity. A method has been proposed to form the information spaces for the collective and individual scientific activity subjects such as higher education establishments and scientists. The method involves a series of stages to identify and construct citation and scientific cooperation networks, to form subject scientific spaces, and, based on them, to devise methods in order to quantify productivity. The results of methods application form the components of the relevant information spaces of scientific activity subjects. The spaces to be built could be used to solve the task of selecting subjects for the implementation of joint scientific and educational projects. In addition, these spaces could be applied to form the organizational and functional framework of the collective scientific activity subjects, including their structural units, which would contribute to ensuring their stable development. Creating the information spaces of scientific activity subjects underlies resolving those issues that would stimulate investment in research and innovation, strengthen cooperation between universities, improve the efficiency and productivity of the scientific enterprise. It has been confirmed experimentally that the potential of a collective subject of scientific activity, including individual subjects, the rate of change of identifiers of whom is positive, would have a non-negative potential. A rate of change in the normalized indicators of identifiers of individual and collective scientific activity subjects has been calculated for the period from January 2019 to December 2020 for three higher education establishments

Devising a method to identify an incoming object based on the combination of unified information spaces

This paper suggests a method to search for an incoming object in order to identify its unambiguously, based on the integration of information spaces into intermediate unified information space. At the same time, the incoming object identification process involves appropriate attributes. This paper describes the process of information object arrangement within a unified information space that forms for a set of dynamically changing objects. It should be noted that each subject in the set collects information about the environment, including interaction with other objects. In the process of forming a unified information space, the information system collects information from data sources that are represented in different formats. The system then converts this information and forms a unified information space, thereby providing users with information about objects. A two-tier system of connections at the global (cloud) and local (fog) levels of interactions has been considered. At the same time, it should be noted that a unified information space formation requires the implementation of tools to support the transformation of information objects; that necessitates the implementation of translators ‒ special converters at different levels. A method to combine information spaces into an intermediate unified information space has been proposed; analysis was performed to determine the time and efficiency of the search for incoming objects within it. It was experimentally established that the more parameters that describe an information object, the less the time to identify an object depends on the length of the interval. It has also been experimentally shown that the efficiency of finding incoming objects tends to be a directly proportional dependence while reducing the length of the interval and increasing the number of parameters, and vice versa

Sevastopol in the Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War: Media Space Analysis

This article identifies the content and structural features of social and media communication of Runet users in relation to the information presence of Sevastopol in the construction of the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War. An interdisciplinary approach is used to fully implement the goal and objectives of the research being conducted. Media and information spaces cybermetry intrinsic to modern sociology make it possible to identify new trends in the formation of unconventional historical attitudes about the Great Victory, including the presence of Sevastopol in the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War. The use of the social media monitoring system "Medialogia" enabled an analysis of information flows about the Great Patriotic War and the role of Sevastopol in the Great Victory. The results of the study can contribute to the development of a guide aimed at intensifying the activities in the field of formation of the historical memory of the Great Victory. The authors believe that it will positively affect the consistent upholding of Russia's historical victories and their preservation in the modern digital space by shaping the agenda and managing information flows in the context of the ideological confrontation of the main world actors.

General information spaces: measuring inconsistency, rationality postulates, and complexity

AI systems often need to deal with inconsistent information. For this reason, since the early 2000s, some AI researchers have developed ways to measure the amount of inconsistency in a knowledge base. By now there is a substantial amount of research about various aspects of inconsistency measuring. The problem is that most of this work applies only to knowledge bases formulated as sets of formulas in propositional logic. Hence this work is not really applicable to the way that information is actually stored. The purpose of this paper is to extend inconsistency measuring to real world information. We first define the concept ofgeneral information spacewhich encompasses various types of databases and scenarios in AI systems. Then, we show how to transform any general information space to aninconsistency equivalentpropositional knowledge base, and finally apply propositional inconsistency measures to find the inconsistency of the general information space. Our method allows for the direct comparison of the inconsistency of different information spaces, even though the data is presented in different ways. We demonstrate the transformation on four general information spaces: a relational database, a graph database, a spatio-temporal database, and a Blocks world scenario, where we apply several inconsistency measures after performing the transformation. Then we review so-called rationality postulates that have been developed for propositional knowledge bases as a way to judge the intuitive properties of these measures. We show that although general information spaces may be nonmonotonic, there is a way to transform the postulates so they can be applied to general information spaces and we show which of the measures satisfy which of the postulates. Finally, we discuss the complexity of inconsistency measures for general information spaces.

Building Knowledge-rich Environments for Youth

This paper outlines the development of a digital school library intranet as an information-rich and technology-rich environment designed to provide a nurturing and safe environment for both students and teachers throughout the school and extending into the home. Emphasis is given to the creation of individualized views of the intranet by both students and teachers complete with academic, career/professional, and personal information spaces. Built upon this environment, the author proposes strategies designed to stimulate the rise of a knowledge-rich environment or learning community using concepts of collaboration, information literacy, user control, and the phenomenon of small world networks.

Cross-Platform Usability Model Evaluation

It is becoming common for several devices to be utilised together to access and manipulate shared information spaces and migrate tasks between devices. Despite the increased worldwide use of cross-platform services, there is limited research into how cross-platform service usability can be assessed. This paper presents a novel cross-platform usability model. The model employs the think-aloud protocol, observations, and questionnaires to reveal cross-platform usability problems. Two Likert scales were developed for measuring overall user satisfaction of cross-platform usability and user satisfaction with the seamlessness of the transition between one device and another. The paper further employs a series of objective measures for the proposed model. The viability and performance of the model were examined in the context of evaluating three cross-platform services across three devices. The results demonstrate that the model is a valuable method for assessing and quantifying cross-platform usability. The findings were thoroughly analysed and discussed, and subsequently used to refine the model. The model was also evaluated by eight user experience experts and seven out of the eight agreed that it is useful.