Autonomous motivation enhances self-regulation by promoting sensitivity and receptivity to self-control conflict

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Legault
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Self Control

scholarly journals Who accepts nudges? nudge acceptability from a self-regulation perspective

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260531
Author(s):  
Laurens C. van Gestel ◽  
Marieke A. Adriaanse ◽  
Denise T. D. de Ridder
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Regulatory Capacity

Background Public acceptability of nudging is receiving increasingly more attention, but studies remain limited to evaluations of aspects of the nudge itself or (inferred intentions) of the nudger. Yet, it is important to investigate which individuals are likely to accept nudges, as those who are supposed to benefit from the implementation should not oppose it. The main objective of this study was to integrate research on self-regulation and nudging, and to examine acceptability of nudges as a function of self-regulation capacity and motivation. Method Participants (N = 301) filled in questionnaires about several components of self-regulation capacity (self-control, proactive coping competence, self-efficacy, perceived control and perceived difficulty) and motivation (autonomous motivation and controlled motivation). To evaluate nudge acceptability, we used three vignettes describing three types of nudges (default, portion size, and rearrangement) that stimulated either a pro-self behavior (healthy eating) or pro-social behavior (sustainable eating) and asked participants to rate the nudges on (aspects of) acceptability. Results Results revealed that there were substantial differences in acceptability between the three types of nudges, such that the default nudge was seen as less acceptable and the rearrangement nudge as most acceptable. The behavior that was stimulated did not affect acceptability, even though the nudges that targeted healthy eating were seen as more pro-self than the nudges targeting sustainable eating. From all self-regulation components, autonomous motivation was the only measure that was consistently associated with nudge acceptability across the three nudges. For self-regulatory capacity, only some elements were occasionally related to acceptability for some nudges. Conclusion The current study thus shows that people are more inclined to accept nudges that target behaviors that they are autonomously motivated for, while people do not meaningfully base their judgments of acceptability on self-regulatory capacity.

Self-Regulation Without Force: Can Awareness Leverage Reward to Drive Behavior Change?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1382-1399
Author(s):  
Vera U. Ludwig ◽  
Kirk Warren Brown ◽  
Judson A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Emerging Treatments ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Reward Valuation

To reach longer-term goals and live aligned with their values, people typically must regulate their behavior. Effortful self-control is one way to achieve this and is usually framed as a forceful struggle between lower-level impulses and higher-level cognitive control processes. For example, people may restrain themselves from eating cake in order to lose weight. An alternative avenue of self-regulation draws on autonomous motivation: Individuals eat healthfully because it is values-congruent or intrinsically satisfying. Recent advances in the understanding of reward valuation on a neural level (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex) and emerging treatments on a clinical level (e.g., mindfulness training) suggest a possible mechanistic convergence between brain and behavior that is consistent with a shift from forced to unforced behavior change. Here we propose how an overlooked aspect of reinforcement learning can be leveraged using a simple yet critical feature of experience that is not reliant on willpower: Bringing awareness to one’s subjective experience and behavior can produce a change in valuation of learned but unhealthy behaviors, leading to self-regulatory shifts that result in sustainable behavior change without force.

Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Igor Kardum ◽  
Jasna Hudek-Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

Inhibition tasks are not associated with self-regulation outcomes in healthy college students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis David Von Gunten ◽  
Bruce D Bartholow ◽  
Jorge S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Individual

Executive functioning (EF) is defined as a set of top-down processes used in reasoning, forming goals, planning, concentrating, and inhibition. It is widely believed that these processes are critical to self-regulation and, therefore, that performance on behavioral task measures of EF should be associated with individual differences in everyday life outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test this core assumption, focusing on the EF facet of inhibition. A sample of 463 undergraduates completed five laboratory inhibition tasks, along with three self-report measures of self-control and 28 self-report measures of life outcomes. Results showed that although most of the life outcome measures were associated with self-reported self-control, none of the life outcomes were associated with inhibition task performance at the latent-variable level, and few associations were found at the individual task level. These findings challenge the criterion validity of lab-based inhibition tasks. More generally, when considered alongside the known lack of convergent validity between inhibition tasks and self-report measures of self-control, the findings cast doubt on the task’s construct validity as measures of self-control processes. Potential methodological and theoretical reasons for the poor performance of laboratory-based inhibition tasks are discussed.

Volition in Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Beckmann ◽  
Madison Ehmann ◽  
Tom-Nicolas Kossak ◽  
Benedikt Perl ◽  
and Wiebke Hähl
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Sport And Exercise

Abstract. Volition is an essential component of sport and exercise. It comprises self-regulation processes complementing motivation to facilitate successful action. Therefore, sport psychological interventions or psychological skills training largely involve volition. Essentially, three theoretical approaches to volition have stimulated sport psychological research: the theory of action control, the Rubicon model of action phases, and the resource depletion model. These three models will be outlined and evaluated with regard to their contribution to sport psychological research. Despite their contributions, research on the exact mechanisms underlying volition is still in its infancy. Based on new developments involving affective neuroscience and self-control success, potential mechanisms are suggested. Subsequently, we discuss how these developments can advance the aforementioned well-established theories.

scholarly journals If At First You Don't Succeed... Reconsider: Attainability Cues and Adaptive Disengagement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Townsley Christine
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Task Persistence ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Answer Option

Peoples’decisions to persist or disengage from a goal are essential to successful self-regulation. Whenpeople encounter unattainable goals, persistence can cause psychological and physicaldistress. The present study hypothesizes that variation in task persistence (an individual’s decisions to continue in a particular task or behavior) is due in part to peoples’ evaluations of the task’s attainability. In a within subjects design, participants were given two sets of challenging cognitive puzzles with several unsolvable items. The first set of puzzles had no cue about attainability, but the second set included an answer option indicating that the correct answer was not present. As predicted, the attainability manipulation had a significant effect on persistence, with participants spending less time on puzzles when they were cued that they might be unattainable. Most significantly, participants high in self-control spent less time on impossible puzzles in the un-cued condition, an effect opposite our prediction and the literature consensus.

scholarly journals Self-Activation as a Personal Resource in University Inclusive Educational Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
M.A. Odintsova ◽  
N. Radchikova
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
Psychological Balance

In the sphere of higher education, which is considered one of the most promising in promoting inclusive ideas, great attention is paid to students’ personal resources, characterizing the person's internal voluntary activity: self-control, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-management, self-knowledge, self-support, self-regulation, and self-activation. They are these personal resources that mediate the students' subjective assessment of the external situation (the absence of barriers, the availability of different types of support), weaken the negative impact of disability, preserve the psychological balance and motivate them to overcome difficulties. A study conducted on the Russian sample showed that inclusive education is effective for students with disabilities and is a motivating factor for their healthy peers. The data obtained is consistent with the results of studies in other countries and cultures

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES AND PROPERTIES OF THE PERSONALITY HAVING DEPENDENCE ON THE SMARTPHONE

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-235
Author(s):  
Виктор Павлович Шейнов ◽  
Наталья Васильевна Дятчик
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Educational Work

Зависимость от смартфона стала распространенным явлением, особенно в молодежной среде. В предыдущих исследованиях установлены большая распространенность данной зависимости и то, что жертвы этой зависимости испытывают страдания от плохого качества сна (а то и от бессонницы), депрессии, тревожности, стресса, а также отрицательные эмоции, характеризуются значительным снижением физической активности. Распространенность зависимости от смартфона и ее отрицательные последствия диктуют необходимость ее всестороннего исследования. Изучаются проявления феномена зависимости от смартфонов у учащихся медицинского колледжа. Установлено, что зависимость от смартфона положительно связана с одиночеством, агрессивностью, плохим настроением и отрицательно – с коммуникативной компетентностью, настойчивостью, самообладанием, саморегуляцией, а также с возрастом. В большей степени она проявляется у представителей женского пола. Выявленные корреляции зависимости от смартфонов с одиночеством, агрессивностью, саморегуляцией, коммуникативной компетентностью в целом соответствуют характеру корреляций, установленных в зарубежных исследованиях. Новыми как для отечественных, так и для зарубежных исследований являются установленные авторами отрицательные связи зависимости от смартфона респондентов с настойчивостью и самообладанием. Smartphone addiction has become common, especially among young people. Previous studies have established a high prevalence of this addiction and the fact that the victims of this addiction experience suffering: from poor sleep quality (and even insomnia), depression, anxiety, stress, experience negative emotions, and are also characterized by a significant decrease in physical activity. The prevalence of smartphone addiction and its negative consequences dictate the need for a comprehensive study. The article examines the manifestations of the phenomenon of smartphone addiction in medical college students. It is shown that the psychological mechanism of the emergence of addictions is described by a general model of psychological impact. It was found that that smartphone addiction is positively associated with loneliness, aggressiveness, bad mood, with the female gender, and negatively – with communicative competence, persistence, self-control, self-regulation, as well as with age. The connections identified in the article with loneliness, aggressiveness, self-regulation, and communicative competence generally correspond to the nature of the correlations established in foreign studies. New for both domestic and foreign studies are the negative links of dependence on smartphones with persistence and self-control revealed in the article. Based on the results of this study, recommendations were developed (based on the obtained empirical data) for college students to minimize the negative impact of smartphones on their mental and physical health. It is recommended in the process of educational work with students to explain the negative consequences of dependence on smartphones and the value of direct, live communication with their environment.

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