Measuring and modeling selective attention in early visual processing

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sperling ◽  
Shui-I. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Early Visual Processing

scholarly journals Disentangling expectation from selective attention during perceptual decision making

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Simon ◽  
Jessica N. Schachtner ◽  
Courtney L. Gallen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Support Decision Making

A large body of work has investigated the effects of attention and expectation on early sensory processing to support decision making. In a recent paper published in The Journal of Neuroscience, Rungratsameetaweemana et al. (Rungratsameetaweemana N, Itthipuripat S, Salazar A, Serences JT. J Neurosci 38: 5632–5648, 2018) found that expectations driven by implicitly learned task regularities do not modulate neural markers of early visual processing. Here, we discuss these findings and propose several lines of follow-up analyses and experiments that could expand on these findings in the broader perceptual decision making literature.

scholarly journals Directional selectivity and its use in early visual processing

1981 ◽  
Vol 211 (1183) ◽  
pp. 151-180 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Zero Crossings ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Local Direction ◽  
Zero Values

The construction of directionally selective units, and their use in the processing of visual motion, are considered. The zero crossings of ∇ 2 G(x, y) ∗ I(x, y) are located, as in Marr & Hildreth (1980). That is, the image is filtered through centre-surround receptive fields, and the zero values in the output are found. In addition, the time derivative ∂[∇ 2 G(x, y) ∗ l(x, y) ]/∂ t is measured at the zero crossings, and serves to constrain the local direction of motion to within 180°. The direction of motion can be determined in a second stage, for example by combining the local constraints. The second part of the paper suggests a specific model of the information processing by the X and Y cells of the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus, and certain classes of cortical simple cells. A number of psychophysical and neurophysiological predictions are derived from the theory.

scholarly journals Wide-Field Feedback Neurons Dynamically Tune Early Visual Processing

Neuron ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Tuthill ◽  
Aljoscha Nern ◽  
Gerald M. Rubin ◽  
Michael B. Reiser
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Early Visual Processing

Priming from the Attentional Blink: A Failure to Extract Visual Tokens but Not Visual Types

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimron Shapiro ◽  
Jon Driver ◽  
Robert Ward ◽  
Robyn E. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Subsequent Target ◽  
Initial Target

When people must detect several targets in a very rapid stream of successive visual events at the same location, detection of an initial target induces misses for subsequent targets within a brief period. This attentional blink may serve to prevent interruption of ongoing target processing by temporarily suppressing vision for subsequent stimuli. We examined the level at which the internal blink operates, specifically, whether it prevents early visual processing or prevents quite substantial processing from reaching awareness. Our data support the latter view. We observed priming from missed letter targets, benefiting detection of a subsequent target with the same identity but a different case. In a second study, we observed semantic priming from word targets that were missed during the blink. These results demonstrate that attentional gating within the blink operates only after substantial stimulus processing has already taken place. The results are discussed in terms of two forms of visual representation, namely, types and tokens.

Spatial frequency analsis in early visual processing

1980 ◽  
Vol 290 (1038) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Multiple Channels ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Local Sign ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Low Luminance ◽  
Lowered Sensitivity ◽  
Prior Adaptation

The existence of multiple channels, or multiple receptive field sizes, in the visual system does not commit us to any particular theory of spatial encoding in vision. However, distortions of apparent spatial frequency and width in a wide variety of conditions favour the idea that each channel carries a width- or frequency-related code or ‘label’ rather than a ‘local sign’ or positional label. When distortions of spatial frequency occur without prior adaptation (e.g. at low contrast or low luminance) they are associated with lowered sensitivity, and may be due to a mismatch between the perceptual labels and the actual tuning of the channels. A low-level representation of retinal space could be constructed from the spatial information encoded by the channels, rather than being projected intact from the retina.

scholarly journals Effects of attentional load on early visual processing depend on stimulus timing

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Rauss ◽  
Gilles Pourtois ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier ◽  
Sophie Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Attentional Load ◽  
Stimulus Timing
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