List Length Effects in Free Recall: A Reexamination of Shiffrin (1970) Using Overt Rehearsal

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Tan ◽  
Geoff Ward
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
List Length ◽  
Overt Rehearsal ◽  
Length Effects

scholarly journals Effects of semantic relations, repetition of words, and list length in word list recall of Alzheimer's patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2b) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando F.A. Bueno ◽  
Paulo H.F. Bertolucci ◽  
Maria Gabriela M. Oliveira ◽  
Jacqueline Abrisqueta-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
List Length ◽  
Word List ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Facilitating Factors ◽  
Word Lists

INTRODUCTION: Semantic relations among words and repetition enhance free recall, but it is unknown if these facilitating factors are effective in dementia. METHOD: Alzheimer's patients (MILD-Alz, MOD-Alz) were compared to healthy elderly. Fifteen-word lists were read out to the subjects. In four sets of lists the words in intermediary input positions were semantically related or not, or the midlist words were repeated, or they were repeated and semantically related. RESULTS: The usual third peak of recall of semantically related words was not observed in MOD-Alz, repetition of words did not increase recall of the patients, and the combination of relatedness and repetition benefited only MID-Alz. In a second experiment, with related or unrelated midlist words, and list length shortened from 15 to 9 words, semantic facilitation was observed in mild and moderate Alzheimer´s patients, although diminished compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Progression of dementia turns facilitating factors of recall less effective.

Interaction Effects of Synonymity, Intralist Synonym Cohesiveness, and List Length in Multi-Trial Free Recall

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-521
Author(s):  
Rudolf R. Abramczyk ◽  
W. Douglas Thompson ◽  
Donald E. Jordan ◽  
Robert A. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
List Length ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Intralist Similarity ◽  
Retrieval Strategies ◽  
High Degree

In each of three experiments, different lists of synonymous and minimally related adjectives were presented to groups of subjects for multi-trial free recall. The results in Exp. 1 supported the hypothesized interaction of synonymity and list length on recall and organization, predicting impaired performance on long lists of synonyms. Two partial replications (Exps. 2 and 3) obtained negative results. In Exp. 4 five measures of semantic cohesiveness were employed to verify the presence of a high degree of semantic similarity in the three experimental lists of synonymous adjectives. It was concluded that list synonymity has a differential effect primarily on the retrieval strategies employed and that subjects are still able to achieve optimal recall and organization with lists of high intralist similarity.

TODAM and the list-strength and list-length effects: Comment on Murdock and Kahana (1993a).

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Shiffrin ◽  
Roger Ratcliff ◽  
Kevin Murnane ◽  
Peter Nobel
Keyword(s):  
List Length ◽  
List Strength ◽  
Length Effects

Irrelevant Sound Disrupts Order Information in Free Recall as in Serial Recall

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Philip Beaman ◽  
Dylan M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
List Length ◽  
Item Information ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Mnemonic Strategy ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

The claim that the sensitivity of free recall to disruption by irrelevant sound is a function of the extent to which rote rehearsal is employed as a mnemonic strategy was investigated in two experiments. The degree of disruption by irrelevant sound in terms of both item and order information was contrasted under serial and free recall instructions. Irrelevant sound was found to disrupt order and item information equally in serial and free recall tasks (Experiment 1). Contrary to previous reports, an effect of irrelevant sound was also demonstrated on free recall of particularly long lists, and the interaction between list length and retention interval in the irrelevant sound effect was examined (Experiment 2). Generally, the results support the view that irrelevant sound disrupts the use of order cues.

Infants' Memory Processing of a Serial List: List Length Effects

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Gulya ◽  
Becky Sweeney ◽  
Carolyn Rovee-Collier
Keyword(s):  
List Length ◽  
Serial List ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Length Effects
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