scholarly journals Effects of semantic relations, repetition of words, and list length in word list recall of Alzheimer's patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2b) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando F.A. Bueno ◽  
Paulo H.F. Bertolucci ◽  
Maria Gabriela M. Oliveira ◽  
Jacqueline Abrisqueta-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
List Length ◽  
Word List ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Facilitating Factors ◽  
Word Lists

INTRODUCTION: Semantic relations among words and repetition enhance free recall, but it is unknown if these facilitating factors are effective in dementia. METHOD: Alzheimer's patients (MILD-Alz, MOD-Alz) were compared to healthy elderly. Fifteen-word lists were read out to the subjects. In four sets of lists the words in intermediary input positions were semantically related or not, or the midlist words were repeated, or they were repeated and semantically related. RESULTS: The usual third peak of recall of semantically related words was not observed in MOD-Alz, repetition of words did not increase recall of the patients, and the combination of relatedness and repetition benefited only MID-Alz. In a second experiment, with related or unrelated midlist words, and list length shortened from 15 to 9 words, semantic facilitation was observed in mild and moderate Alzheimer´s patients, although diminished compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Progression of dementia turns facilitating factors of recall less effective.

Limitations to the Spacing Effect

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Henk G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Word List ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Learning Condition

Abstract. The spacing effect refers to the finding that memory for repeated items improves when the interrepetition interval increases. To explain the spacing effect in free-recall tasks, a two-factor model has been put forward that combines mechanisms of contextual variability and study-phase retrieval (e.g., Raaijmakers, 2003 ; Verkoeijen, Rikers, & Schmidt, 2004 ). An important, yet untested, implication of this model is that free recall of repetitions should follow an inverted u-shaped relationship with interrepetition spacing. To demonstrate the suggested relationship an experiment was conducted. Participants studied a word list, consisting of items repeated at different interrepetition intervals, either under incidental or under intentional learning instructions. Subsequently, participants received a free-recall test. The results revealed an inverted u-shaped relationship between free recall and interrepetition spacing in both the incidental-learning condition and the intentional-learning condition. Moreover, for intentionally learned repetitions, the maximum free-recall performance was located at a longer interrepetition interval than for incidentally learned repetitions. These findings are interpreted in terms of the two-factor model of spacing effects in free-recall tasks.

Léxico purépecha en tiempos de la Ilustración: Un acercamiento a los apartados léxicos delCathecismode Joseph Zepherino Botello Movellán (1756)

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 299-323
Author(s):  
Frida Villavicencio
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Typical Member ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
Word Lists

In 1756 Joseph Zepherino Botello Movellán (1734–c.1785) wrote theCathecismo breve en lengua tarasca(“Brief catechism in the Tarascan language”). It was written in Purepecha or Tarascan, an indigenous language spoken in the northwestern part of the state of Michoacan, Mexico, by about 100,000 people. This is the only known 18th-century religious document written in this language, thus its great importance. Botello includes four word lists in his catechism which give us a small vocabulary. The word lists clearly do not have the extensive coverage or the lexicographic importance of the dictionaries of the 16th century; however, the value of this hand-written vocabulary lies in the fact that there is nothing else comparable from the 18th century. The composition and content of Botello’s catechism, produced by a typical member of the illustrious Creole class, it has features characteristic of the end of the century.
In this paper, I describe the principal characteristics of Botello’s catechism with its four lexical lists, in particular that of body parts. A point of reference for my analysis is the list of body parts in theArte y Diccionario: con otras obras en lengua Michoacanaby Juan Bautista de Lagunas, OFM (fl.1539–1574, d.1604) of 1574. The Catechism gives us a good idea of Purepecha in the 18th century and its historical development. The language in the document shows it to be closer to that of the 16th century than it is to modern Purepecha. It suggests that Spanish prepositions were possibly introduced in the 18th century. Botello’s catechism contains much interesting information on a variety of topics, such as orthography, dialectal variations, derivational processes, loan words and semantic relations. The language in this document documents the grammaticalization of the plural markers. Some data for the Spanish of the 18th century are also presented.

scholarly journals Free Recall of Word Lists under Total Sleep Deprivation and after Recovery Sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislaine de Almeida Valverde Zanini ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
Monica Levy Andersen ◽  
Raquel Cristina Martins da Silva ◽  
Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Word Lists

scholarly journals Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Text of Annual Reports—The Case of the IT Services Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Myšková ◽  
Petr Hájek
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Word List ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
It Services ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Services Industry ◽  
Corporate Social

Annual reports are an important source of qualitative information about a company’s strategic areas, including sustainability. However, previous work on sustainability assessment has been limited to quantitative indicators that are difficult to obtain. Here, we address this issue by analyzing a company’s strategic documents, with the specific aim of demonstrating the role of sustainability and social responsibility in the text of the annual reports of companies in the IT services industry. We demonstrate that this information is a significant determinant of future economic outcomes. Specifically, here we evaluate sentiment in managerial communication in the area of sustainable business by using collocation analysis of topic and sentiment word lists. Several domain-specific word lists were used for each category monitored. Specifically, Loughran and McDonald’s word list was used to measure sentiment in the context of corporate social responsibility and sustainability. The word list that was developed by Pencle and Malaescu was used for CSR, while novel word lists are proposed for sustainability topics. The results of experiments show that the sentiment of sustainability topics (environmental and social in particular) in the annual reports may be a significant indicator of future profitability and thus represent an important information for corporate stakeholders.

Effects of Temporal Grouping on Multi-Trial Free Recall

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Frankel ◽  
Steven G. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Temporal Grouping ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Presentation Time

In two experiments, subjects were given 4 presentations of a list divided temporally into 5 groups of 3 items each (grouped) or received the same word lists at a constant rate of presentation (ungrouped) and matched for over-all presentation time. Grouped presentation enhanced recall only in the later serial positions while decreasing recall in the middle serial positions. Results of Exp. I also showed differences in order of recall. The results of Exp. II demonstrated that order of recall was not related to the differences in recall produced by grouping. Implications for short-term memory and memory consolidation were discussed.

Interaction Effects of Synonymity, Intralist Synonym Cohesiveness, and List Length in Multi-Trial Free Recall

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-521
Author(s):  
Rudolf R. Abramczyk ◽  
W. Douglas Thompson ◽  
Donald E. Jordan ◽  
Robert A. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
List Length ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Intralist Similarity ◽  
Retrieval Strategies ◽  
High Degree

In each of three experiments, different lists of synonymous and minimally related adjectives were presented to groups of subjects for multi-trial free recall. The results in Exp. 1 supported the hypothesized interaction of synonymity and list length on recall and organization, predicting impaired performance on long lists of synonyms. Two partial replications (Exps. 2 and 3) obtained negative results. In Exp. 4 five measures of semantic cohesiveness were employed to verify the presence of a high degree of semantic similarity in the three experimental lists of synonymous adjectives. It was concluded that list synonymity has a differential effect primarily on the retrieval strategies employed and that subjects are still able to achieve optimal recall and organization with lists of high intralist similarity.

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