The Real Leap Forward: Scaling up Poverty Reduction in China

Both visual attention and visual working memory tend to be studied with very simple stimuli and low-level paradigms, designed to allow us to understand the representations and processes in detail, or with fully realistic stimuli that make such precise understanding difficult but are more representative of the real world. In this chapter we argue for an intermediate approach in which visual attention and visual working memory are studied by scaling up from the simplest settings to more complex settings that capture some aspects of the complexity of the real-world, while still remaining in the realm of well-controlled stimuli and well-understood tasks. We believe this approach, which we have been taking in our labs, will allow a more generalizable set of knowledge about visual attention and visual working memory while maintaining the rigor and control that is typical of vision science and psychophysics studies.

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2005 Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Approach - Balancing Accountabilities and Scaling Up Results

Policy Papers ◽

10.5089/9781498331050.007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 (67) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Low Income ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

New Approach ◽

The World Bank ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

Poverty Reduction Strategy ◽

The International Monetary Fund

In December 1999, the World Bank (the Bank) and the International Monetary Fund (the Fund) introduced a new approach to their relations with low-income countries, centered around the development and implementation of poverty reduction strategies (PRS) by the countries as a precondition for access to debt relief and concessional financing from both institutions. These strategies were also expected to serve as a framework for better coordination of development assistance among other development partners.

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TO CONTROL OR NOT TO CONTROL: HOW DO WE LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW AGRONOMIC INNOVATIONS PERFORM ON FARMS?

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479717000102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (S1) ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RIC COE ◽

JOYCE NJOLOMA ◽

FERGUS SINCLAIR

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Real World ◽

Crop Management ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Scaling Up ◽

System Response ◽

Main Concern ◽

The Real ◽

Important Variation ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYOur paper ‘Loading the dice in favour of the farmer: reducing the risk of adopting agronomic innovations’ revealed mean increases but also large variation in the impact of four agroforestry practises on maize yield, as experienced by farmers in Malawi. This prompted a response from Sileshi and Akinnifesi that was critical of the data and methods used. Their main concern was that farmers did not necessarily manage crops identically in plots with and those without trees, so the yield differences that we measured may be partly caused by these differences in crop management. We argue here that it is valid and useful to look at the actual effect on crop yield of farmers having trees intercropped with maize, rather than controlling for how the crop is managed, because this is what happens in the real world. Farmers respond to having trees in their field by treating their crop differently, so this is part of the system response to having trees in fields. Attempts to eliminate this will result in measuring an artefact rather than the real impact of trees on crop yield. By doing this, we revealed important variation in the impact of trees on crop yield amongst farmers, and we argue that it is important to explore, assess and communicate to farmers and development actors the extent and implications of this variation. Understanding the contextual factors that determine who is likely to benefit most from an innovation and for whom it is less suitable can then be incorporated in scaling up, so that targeting of innovations and the appropriateness of messages given to farmers are continuously refined.

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Scaling up visual attention and visual working memory to the real world

Psychology of Learning and Motivation - Knowledge and Vision ◽

10.1016/bs.plm.2019.03.001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 29-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Timothy F. Brady ◽

Viola S. Störmer ◽

Anna Shafer-Skelton ◽

Jamal R. Williams ◽

Angus F. Chapman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Visual Attention ◽

Visual Working Memory ◽

Real World ◽

Scaling Up ◽

The Real

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The real challenges for scaling up ART in sub-Saharan Africa

AIDS ◽

10.1097/01.aids.0000216364.44409.b1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 653-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Wim Van Damme ◽

Katharina Kober ◽

Marie Laga

Keyword(s):

Scaling Up ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

The Real ◽

Sub Saharan

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Technologies Enabling Omni-Channel

Supply Chain Management Strategies and Risk Assessment in Retail Environments - Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3056-5.ch005 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 78-96

Author(s):

Rohit Das

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Considerable Improvement ◽

Retail Industry ◽

Delivery Time ◽

Recent Past ◽

The Real ◽

Online Retailers ◽

Game Changer ◽

Indian Scenario

The retail industry has been scaling up by better co-ordination among channel partners, improving shipment delivery time at a lower possible cost over last few years. Looking at the Indian scenario, large logistics companies such as Bluedart, FedEx, Gati, etc. have launched dedicated services for online retailers. However, entrance and elevation of e-commerce focused logistic companies such as Chhotu, Mudita, Unicommerce and Delhivery seem to be promising and can be the real game changer. These companies offer solutions that address the various pain-points pertaining to the supply chain of e-commerce companies, which traditional and big supply chain & logistic providers so far failed to do. This is a global phenomenon. Despite considerable improvement in recent past, many logistics providers still struggle to cope up with inadequate infrastructure leading to operational inefficiencies to support their services. Some of such operational concerns, but not limited to, are wrong delivery, unaccepted shipment pick-ups, product unavailability leading to promise to deliver.

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Contributions of Agricultural Economics Research towards Sustainable Natural Resources

MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ◽

10.36877/mjae.a0000172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nolila Mohd Nawi ◽

Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Agricultural Economics ◽

The Real ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Fiscal Revenue ◽

Economics Research ◽

Real Wealth

The global concerns on sustainability issues such as scarcity of natural resources, rapid environmental degradation, intense international competitions, and imbalanced of social equities are increasing, resulting in growing attention towards sustainable use of natural resources, especially in the agriculture sector. Natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable are a part of the real wealth for a nation which can contribute towards fiscal revenue, income, and poverty reduction (OECD, 2011). In the agriculture sector, natural resources can be used to provide occupations in enhancing the livelihoods of the poorer communities.

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