Safety of and immune response to an HIV-1 Vaccine (ALVAC-HIV vCP1521) in infants born to HIV infected mothers

Background:: The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) could increase the number of circulating naive CD4 T lymphocytes, but was not able to eradicate human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. Objective:: Thus, induction of strong immune responses is important for control of HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, a simple and perfect serological method is required to detect virus in untreated-, treated- and drug resistant- HIV-1 infected individuals. Methods:: This study was conducted to assess and compare immunogenic properties of Nef, Vif, Vpr and Vpu accessory proteins as an antigen candidate in mice and their diagnostic importance in human as a biomarker. Results:: Our data showed that in mice, all heterologous prime/ boost regimens were more potent than homologous prime/ boost regimens in eliciting Th1 response and Granzyme B secretion as CTL activity. Moreover, the Nef, Vpu and Vif proteins could significantly increase Th1 immune response. In contrast, the Vpr protein could considerably induce Th2 immune response. On the other hand, among four accessory proteins, HIV-1 Vpu could significantly detect treated group from untreated group as a possible biomarker in human. Conclusion:: Generally, among accessory proteins, Nef, Vpu and Vif antigens were potentially more suitable vaccine antigen candidates than Vpr antigen. Human antibodies against all these proteins were higher in HIV-1 different groups than healthy group. Among them, Vpu was known as a potent antigen in diagnosis of treated from untreated individuals. The potency of accessory proteins as an antigen candidate in an animal model and a human cohort study are underway.

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Characterization of the HIV-1 Specific Humoral Immune Response During Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/00042560-200112150-00001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 405-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mary Kate Morris ◽

David A. Katzenstein ◽

Dennis Israelski ◽

Andrew Zolopa ◽

R. Michael Hendry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv 1

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Dendritic Cell Precursors Are Permissive to Dengue Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.12.7291-7299.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 7291-7299 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Wing-Hong Kwan ◽

Anna-Marija Helt ◽

Concepción Marañón ◽

Jean-Baptiste Barbaroux ◽

Anne Hosmalin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Dengue Virus Infection ◽

Differentiation Potential ◽

Antiviral Immune Response ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT CD14+ interstitial cells reside beneath the epidermis of skin and mucosal tissue and may therefore play an important role in viral infections and the shaping of an antiviral immune response. However, in contrast to dendritic cells (DC) or blood monocytes, these antigen-presenting cells (APC) have not been well studied. We have previously described long-lived CD14+ cells generated from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, which may represent model cells for interstitial CD14+ APC. Here, we show that these cells carry DC-SIGN and differentiate into immature DC in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We have compared the CD14+ cells and the DC derived from these cells with respect to dengue virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Both cell types are permissive to dengue virus infection, but the CD14+ cells secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 and no tumor necrosis factor alpha. Regarding HIV, the CD14+ cells are permissive to HIV-1, release higher p24 levels than the derived DC, and more efficiently activate HIV Pol-specific CD8+ memory T cells. The CD14+ DC precursors infected with either virus retain their DC differentiation potential. The results suggest that interstitial CD14+ APC may contribute to HIV-1 and dengue virus infection and the shaping of an antiviral immune response.

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HIV-1 Tat Raises an Adjuvant-free Humoral Immune Response Controlled by Its Core Region and Its Ability to Form Cysteine-mediated Oligomers

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m509899200 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 281 (6) ◽

pp. 3105-3115 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jongrak Kittiworakarn ◽

Alain Lecoq ◽

Gervaise Moine ◽

Robert Thai ◽

Evelyne Lajeunesse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Core Region ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Hiv 1

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X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Down-Modulates Expression and Immunogenicity of Codelivered Antigens

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00394-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 83 (21) ◽

pp. 10941-10950 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Avi-Hai Hovav ◽

Michael Santosuosso ◽

Maytal Bivas-Benita ◽

Andre Plair ◽

Alex Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antigen Presentation ◽

Antigen Expression ◽

V3 Loop ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Aids Vaccines ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In order to increase the immune breadth of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines, strategies such as immunization with several HIV antigens or centralized immunogens have been examined. HIV-1 gp120 protein is a major immunogen of HIV and has been routinely considered for inclusion in both present and future AIDS vaccines. However, recent studies proposed that gp120 interferes with the generation of immune response to codelivered antigens. Here, we investigate whether coimmunization with plasmid-encoded gp120 alters the immune response to other coadministered plasmid encoded antigens such as luciferase or ovalbumin in a mouse model. We found that the presence of gp120 leads to a significant reduction in the expression level of the codelivered antigen in vivo. Antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells was also reduced and resulted in the induction of weak antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Importantly, gp120-mediated immune interference was observed after administration of the plasmids at the same or at distinct locations. To characterize the region in gp120 mediating these effects, we used plasmid constructs encoding gp120 that lacks the V1V2 loops (ΔV1V2) or the V3 loop (ΔV3). After immunization, the ΔV1V2, but not the ΔV3 construct, was able to reduce antigen expression, antigen presentation, and subsequently the immunogenicity of the codelivered antigen. The V3 loop dependence of this phenomenon seems to be limited to V3 loops known to interact with the CXCR4 molecule but not with CCR5. Our study presents a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 gp120 interferes with the immune response against coadministered antigen in a polyvalent vaccine preparation.

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