Bringing the brain into personality assessment: Is there a place for event-related potentials?

This article suggests that the potential usefulness of event-related potentials in psychiatry has not been fully explored because of the limitations of various approaches to research adopted to date, and because the field is still undergoing rapid development. Newer approaches to data acquisition and methods of analysis, combined with closer co-operation between medical and physical scientists, will help to establish the practical application of these signals in psychiatric disorders and assist our understanding of psychophysiological information processing in the brain. Finally, it is suggested that psychiatrists should seek to understand these techniques and the data they generate, since they provide more direct access to measures of complex cerebral processes than current clinical methods.

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Association of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Serotonin Transporter Genes with Parameters of the Early Components of Event-Related Potentials on Passive Word Perception

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology ◽

10.1007/s11055-017-0521-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 1140-1146

Author(s):

V. E. Golimbet ◽

Zh. V. Garakh ◽

G. I. Korovaitseva ◽

T. V. Lezheiko ◽

Yu. S. Zaitseva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serotonin Transporter ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Word Perception ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Brain

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Monitoring Migraine Cycle Dynamics with an Easy-to-Use Electrophysiological Marker—A Pilot Study

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18113918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 3918 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Goded Shahaf ◽

Pora Kuperman ◽

Yuval Bloch ◽

Shahak Yariv ◽

Yelena Granovsky

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Stress Level ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Auditory Oddball ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Auditory Oddball Task ◽

The Brain

Migraine attacks can cause significant discomfort and reduced functioning for days at a time, including the pre-ictal and post-ictal periods. During the inter-ictsal period, however, migraineurs seem to function normally. It is puzzling, therefore, that event-related potentials of migraine patients often differ in the asymptomatic and inter-ictal period. Part of the electrophysiological dynamics demonstrated in the migraine cycle are attention related. In this pilot study we evaluated an easy-to-use new marker, the Brain Engagement Index (BEI), for attention monitoring during the migraine cycle. We sampled 12 migraine patients for 20 days within one calendar month. Each session consisted of subjects’ reports of stress level and migraine-related symptoms, and a 5 min EEG recording, with a 2-electrode EEG device, during an auditory oddball task. The first minute of the EEG sample was analyzed. Repetitive samples were also obtained from 10 healthy controls. The brain engagement index increased significantly during the pre-ictal (p ≈ 0.001) and the ictal (p ≈ 0.020) periods compared with the inter-ictal period. No difference was observed between the pre-ictal and ictal periods. Control subjects demonstrated intermediate Brain Engagement Index values, that is, higher than inter-ictal, yet lower than pre-ictal. Our preliminary results demonstrate the potential advantage of the use of a simple EEG system for improved prediction of migraine attacks. Further study is required to evaluate the efficacy of the Brain Engagement Index in monitoring the migraine cycle and the possible effects of interventions.

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Gaming enhances learning-induced plastic changes in the brain

10.31234/osf.io/k8dxp ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katja Junttila ◽

Anna-Riikka Smolander ◽

Reima Karhila ◽

Anastasia Giannakopoulou ◽

Maria Uther ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Speech Sounds ◽

Digital Game ◽

Game Based Learning ◽

Brain Response ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Plastic Changes ◽

Game Condition ◽

The Brain

Learning is increasingly assisted by technology. Digital games may be useful for learning, especially in children. However, more research is needed to understand the factors that induce gaming benefits to cognition. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of digital game-based learning approach in children by comparing the learning of foreign speech sounds and words in a digital game or a non-game digital application with equal amount of exposure and practice. To evaluate gaming-induced plastic changes in the brain function, we used the mismatch negativity (MMN) brain response that reflects the activation of long-term memory representations for speech sounds and words. We recorded auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) from 37 school-aged Finnish-speaking children before and after playing the “Say it again, kid!” (SIAK) language-learning game where they explored game boards, produced English words aloud, and got stars as feedback from an automatic speech recognizer to proceed in the game. The learning of foreign speech sounds and words was compared in two conditions embedded in the game: a game condition and a non-game condition with the same speech production task but lacking visual game elements and feedback. The MMN amplitude increased between the pre-measurement and the post-measurement for the word trained with the game but not for the word trained with the non-game condition, suggesting that the gaming intervention enhanced learning more than the non-game intervention. The results indicate that digital game-based learning can be beneficial for children’s language learning and that gaming elements per se, not just practise time, support learning.

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Source Localization of Subtopographic Brain Maps for Event Related Potentials (ERP)

Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-889-5.ch156 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 1247-1252

Author(s):

Adil Deniz Duru ◽

Ali Bayram ◽

Tamer Demiralp ◽

Ahmet Ademoglu

Keyword(s):

Source Localization ◽

Temporal Frequency ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Functional Brain Imaging ◽

Frequency Content ◽

Brain Potentials ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Brain

Event-related potentials (ERP) are transient brain responses to cognitive stimuli, and they consist of several stationary events whose temporal frequency content can be characterized in terms of oscillations or rhythms. Precise localization of electrical events in the brain, based on the ERP data recorded from the scalp, has been one of the main challenges of functional brain imaging. Several currentDensity estimation techniques for identifying the electrical sources generating the brain potentials are developed for the so-called neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem in the last three decades (Baillet, Mosher, & Leahy, 2001; Koles, 1998; Michela, Murraya, Lantza, Gonzaleza, Spinellib, & Grave de Peraltaa, 2004; Scherg & von Cramon, 1986).

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Low-dimensional versus high-dimensional chaos in brain function – is it an and/or issue?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x01370097 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 823-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Márk Molnár

Keyword(s):

Brain Function ◽

Sensory Information ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Cognitive Effort ◽

Neural Systems ◽

Sensory Information Processing ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Dimensional Complexity ◽

Low Dimensional ◽

The Brain

We discuss whether low-dimensional chaos and even nonlinear processes can be traced in the electrical activity of the brain. Experimental data show that the dimensional complexity of the EEG decreases during event-related potentials associated with cognitive effort. This probably represents increased nonlinear cooperation between different neural systems during sensory information processing.

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When encodong yields remembering: insights from event-related neuroimaging

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1999.0481 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 354 (1387) ◽

pp. 1307-1324 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

Anthony D. Wagner ◽

Wilma Koutstaal ◽

Daniel L. Schacter

Keyword(s):

Neural Activity ◽

Functional Neuroimaging ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Human Memory ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Rich ◽

Dm Effect ◽

The Brain

To understand human memory, it is important to determine why some experiences are remembered whereas others are forgotten. Until recently, insights into the neural bases of human memory encoding, the processes by which information is transformed into an enduring memory trace, have primarily been derived from neuropsychological studies of humans with select brain lesions. The advent of functional neuroimaging methods, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has provided a new opportunity to gain additional understanding of how the brain supports memory formation. Importantly, the recent development of event–related fMRI methods now allows for examination of trial–by–trial differences in neural activity during encoding and of the consequences of these differences for later remembering. In this review, we consider the contributions of PET and fMRI studies to the understanding of memory encoding, placing a particular emphasis on recent event–related fMRI studies of the Dm effect: that is, differences in neural activity during encoding that are related to differences in subsequent memory. We then turn our attention to the rich literature on the Dm effect that has emerged from studies using event–related potentials (ERPs). It is hoped that the integration of findings from ERP studies, which offer higher temporal resolution, with those from event–related fMRI studies, which offer higher spatial resolution, will shed new light on when and why encoding yields subsequent remembering.

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Towards an Accessible Use of a Brain-Computer Interfaces-Based Home Care System through a Smartphone

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience ◽

10.1155/2020/1843269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Koun-Tem Sun ◽

Kai-Lung Hsieh ◽

Syuan-Rong Syu

Keyword(s):

Home Care ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

End Users ◽

Disabled People ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Computer Interfaces ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The One ◽

The Brain ◽

Care System

This study proposes a home care system (HCS) based on a brain-computer interface (BCI) with a smartphone. The HCS provides daily help to motor-disabled people when a caregiver is not present. The aim of the study is two-fold: (1) to develop a BCI-based home care system to help end-users control their household appliances, and (2) to assess whether the architecture of the HCS is easy for motor-disabled people to use. A motion-strip is used to evoke event-related potentials (ERPs) in the brain of the user, and the system immediately processes these potentials to decode the user’s intentions. The system, then, translates these intentions into application commands and sends them via Bluetooth to the user’s smartphone to make an emergency call or to execute the corresponding app to emit an infrared (IR) signal to control a household appliance. Fifteen healthy and seven motor-disabled subjects (including the one with ALS) participated in the experiment. The average online accuracy was 81.8% and 78.1%, respectively. Using component N2P3 to discriminate targets from nontargets can increase the efficiency of the system. Results showed that the system allows end-users to use smartphone apps as long as they are using their brain waves. More important, only one electrode O1 is required to measure EEG signals, giving the system good practical usability. The HCS can, thus, improve the autonomy and self-reliance of its end-users.

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