Health Policies Based on Patient Satisfaction: A Bibliometric Study

Healthcare decision-makers increasingly face a changing and ever-evolving landscape, forcing them to formulate public policies based on the results from different scientific investigations. This article evaluates the field of research on patient satisfaction as a basis for health policies. The analysis was carried out with a sample of 621 articles published between 2000 and 2020 in the Scopus database. The world’s largest producer and research co-operator on patient satisfaction and health policy was the United States. However, the most prolific authors, institutions, and journals are of British origin. Regarding the themes, we find that, in economic and management matters, scientific production is scarce. To study the evolution of keywords, we divided the study period into two periods of an equal number of years. In both sub-periods, the keyword “Human” stands out. In the second sub-period, the word “Perception” stands out, which indicates the current attention paid to the patient’s opinion.

The metaphysics of perception: enactivism, phenomenology and information.

Enactivism is a major research programme in the philosophy of perception. Yet its metaphysical status is unclear, since it is claimed to avoid both idealism and realism yet still has aspects of both within it. One attempt to solve this conundrum is based on the fusion of enactivism with phenomenology and the mathematical concept of symmetry breaking (Moss Brender, 2013). I suggest this is not entirely successful and propose it needs the addition of a multi-level, non-reductive metaphysics (for example, Informational Structural Realism). The processes we commonly call ‘perception’ are causal transfers of information at certain levels in the hierarchy of meaningful structures that comprise physical reality. Phenomenologists could use the word ‘perception’ metaphorically across all levels, although realists need not do so.

Biasing the Perception of Spoken Words with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that the frequency of entrained oscillations in auditory cortices influences the perceived duration of speech segments, impacting word perception [Kösem, A., Bosker, H. R., Takashima, A., Meyer, A., Jensen, O., & Hagoort, P. Neural entrainment determines the words we hear. Current Biology, 28, 2867–2875, 2018]. We further tested the causal influence of neural entrainment frequency during speech processing, by manipulating entrainment with continuous transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at distinct oscillatory frequencies (3 and 5.5 Hz) above the auditory cortices. Dutch participants listened to speech and were asked to report their percept of a target Dutch word, which contained a vowel with an ambiguous duration. Target words were presented either in isolation (first experiment) or at the end of spoken sentences (second experiment). We predicted that the tACS frequency would influence neural entrainment and therewith how speech is perceptually sampled, leading to a perceptual overestimation or underestimation of the vowel's duration. Whereas results from Experiment 1 did not confirm this prediction, results from Experiment 2 suggested a small effect of tACS frequency on target word perception: Faster tACS leads to more long-vowel word percepts, in line with the previous neuroimaging findings. Importantly, the difference in word perception induced by the different tACS frequencies was significantly larger in Experiment 1 versus Experiment 2, suggesting that the impact of tACS is dependent on the sensory context. tACS may have a stronger effect on spoken word perception when the words are presented in continuous speech as compared to when they are isolated, potentially because prior (stimulus-induced) entrainment of brain oscillations might be a prerequisite for tACS to be effective.

NIKOLAI SIDELNIKOV'S SPIRITUAL WORKS AS A REFLECTION OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE

The article contains the analysis of the Nikolai Sidelnikov’s spiritual art from the standpoint of the XXth-century philosophical and religious beliefs in terms of cultural and religious interactions. It is highlighted that the master is interested not in any particular national or religious tradition but in culture in general. In the author’s spiritual works the word concentrates the sacred meaning, while music doesn’t distract one’s attention from the word perception, but gives its accompaniment in a meaningful way. The composer enriches traditional spiritual music with his own ideas, which are attuned to the ideas of the greatest representatives of Russian religious philosophy. Nikolai Sidelnikov’s musical language is full of profound symbolism; it becomes a holder of ontological semantics embodied in his spiritual works.

Biasing the perception of spoken words with tACS

Recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that the frequency of entrained oscillations in auditory cortices influences the perceived duration of speech segments, impacting word perception (Kösem et al. 2018). We further tested the causal influence of neural entrainment frequency during speech processing, by manipulating entrainment with continuous transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at distinct oscillatory frequencies (3 Hz and 5.5 Hz) above the auditory cortices. Dutch participants listened to speech and were asked to report their percept of a target Dutch word, which contained a vowel with an ambiguous duration. Target words were presented either in isolation (first experiment) or at the end of spoken sentences (second experiment). We predicted that the frequency of the tACS current would influence neural entrainment and therewith how speech is perceptually sampled, leading to a perceptual over- or underestimation of the vowel duration. Experiment 1 revealed no significant result. In contrast, results from experiment 2 showed a significant effect of tACS frequency on target word perception. Faster tACS lead to more long-vowel word percepts, in line with previous findings suggesting that neural oscillations are instrumental in the temporal processing of speech. The different results from the two experiments suggest that the impact of tACS is dependent on the sensory context. tACS may have a stronger effect on spoken word perception when the words are presented in a continuous stream of speech as compared to when they are isolated, potentially because prior (stimulus-induced) entrainment of brain oscillations might be a prerequisite for tACS to be effective.

PERSEPSI SENIMAN KRIYA YOGYAKARTA TERHADAP KARYA MEBEL GAYA VINTAGE (Studi Kasus: Jakarta Vintage)

Persepsi merupakan istilah yang erat kaitannya dengan psikologi dan neurologi, yang pada hakikatnya mencoba untuk mengetahui penerimaan informasi melalui otak dan memahami bentuk dan makna pada apa yang diinderai, salah satunya karya seni. Namun, dalam pendekatan sosiologi, pemahaman seseorang terhadap bentuk dan makna tersebut, dapat dibentuk melalui pembatinan atas nilai-nilai sosial-budaya di mana seseorang itu berasal (habitus). Untuk dapat mengetahui apa makna dan bagaimana makna tersebut dapat muncul dari para reseptor, yang dalam kasus ini karya mebel dari Jakarta Vintage, menggunakan metode kritik seni. Karya Jakarta vintage yang hadir dengan konsep nostalgia dianggap sebagai pembeda di antara konsep-konsep pada arus utama. Sebagai temuannya, para seniman kriya memahami bahwa makna yang muncul pada tidaklah murni sebagai makna yang utuh. Kata Kunci: Persepsi, Mebel, Jakarta Vintage, habitus Perception is a term close to relation with psychology and neurology, which in naturally try to acceptance know information through the brain and understanding form and meaning what on sensed, one of them is art. But, In the sociology approachment, someone understanding of the forms and meanings, can be formed through pembatinan on social values and culture where someone is coming (habitus). To be able to know what is of meaning and how that meaning can arise from the receptor, which in this case works from Jakarta Vintage furniture, using the method of art criticism. The work Jakarta vintage that comes with the concept of nostalgia is considered as a differentiator between the concepts in the mainstream. As findings, craft artists understand that the meaning appears on it is not pure as meaning intact..Key Word: Perception, Furniture, Jakarta Vintage, habitus

"The Familiar Physiognomy of a Word": Wittgenstein on Seeing Faces and Words

The second part of Philosophical Investigations and other contemporary writings contain abundant material dedicated to the examination of visual perception, along the lines of similarities and differences manifested in the use of concepts such as “seeing as”, “seeing aspects”, “noticing the aspect”, “aspect blindness”, among other, related ones. However, the application of these concepts to phenomena such as face perception and word perception has not received proper attention in the literature. Our interest lies in identifying the features pertaining facial perception and recognition of its content in order to understand how and to what extent they contribute to shed light on perceptual (and experiential) relationships we have with language, in particular with its written form. In other words, we will try to show in what ways the “phenomenology of facial perception” or “physiognomy” helps to understand the “experience of meaning” and the “phenomenology of reading”. My interpretative hypothesis is that, in Wittgenstein’s view, the features shared by face and word perception are more profound than a mere analogy, and that, in the case of words, these features can explain specific semantic (perhaps, semantic-pragmatic) phenomena that should be included in an appropriate reconstruction of the varieties of use in natural languages.

Brain Processing (Auditory Event-Related Potential) of Stressed Versus Unstressed Words in Thai Speech

This study investigated the effect of the stressed word in Thai language on auditory event-related potential (aERP) in unattended conditions. We presented 30 healthy participants with monosyllabic Thai words consisting of either stressed or unstressed words. We instructed them not to attend to the sound stimuli, but rather to watch and memorize the contents of a silent natural documentary without subtitles. The two listening conditions consisted of 20% deviant stimuli (70 stressed and 70 unstressed words, respectively) and 80% standard stimuli (other 280 unstressed words) presented pseudorandomly and binaurally via a pair of earphones. Participants’ aERPs from the two conditions were evaluated by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of aERP. The mismatch negativity amplitudes in the stressed word condition were significantly higher than those in the unstressed word condition, especially in frontal and left fronto-central brain areas. Therefore, these data show the role of the frontal and left fronto-central brain regions in auditory preattentive processing of stressed word perception among native Thai speakers. This is the first study demonstration that stressed meaningful monosyllable words in tonal language facilitate word perception in this preattentive stage. This result has implications for developing clinical tests evaluating preattentive speech perception.