Current directions in laboratory studies of personality pathology: Examples from borderline personality disorder, psychopathy, and schizotypy.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis K. Matusiewicz ◽  
Katherine L. McCauley ◽  
Julie M. McCarthy ◽  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
C. W. Lejuez
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Laboratory Studies

Positive Emotion in Borderline Personality Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 332-352
Author(s):  
Jill M. Hooley ◽  
Sara R. Masland
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Emotional Experiences

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe form of personality pathology characterized by high levels of negative emotionality. Because negative emotions are so central to the clinical presentation of BPD, the issue of how people with this disorder process and experience positive emotional experiences is relatively unexplored. This chapter provides an overview of what is currently known about positive emotions and BPD. Although the literature is characterized by many inconsistencies, our review suggests that people with BPD do indeed experience positive emotions. However, their recall of positive emotional experiences appears to be reduced, perhaps because such experiences are more transient, less stable, and more likely to be quickly replaced by negative emotions. Problems with the identification and accurate differentiation of positive emotions may also play a role. Such difficulties may conspire to create a psychological world for people with BPD that is characterized by a focus on negative mood and negative emotional experiences. In addition to focusing on negative affect, we suggest that it might also be clinically beneficial to make problems with positive affect a specific clinical target.

Early detection and timely intervention for borderline personality disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Andrew Chanen
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Indicated Prevention ◽  
The Past

Although borderline personality disorder (BPD) usually has its onset in young people, its diagnosis is often delayed, and specific treatment is usually only offered late in the course of the disorder. Over the past two decades, the explosion of knowledge about personality disorder has shown that BPD is neither a variant of normal adolescent development, nor a ‘passing phase’ of little consequence. In fact, BPD is associated with harmful personal, social, and economic consequences. This has provided solid ground for early diagnosis and treatment of both subthreshold borderline personality pathology (‘indicated prevention’) and full-syndrome disorder (‘early intervention’). Over the past two decades, the Helping Young People Early (HYPE) programme has been developed and researched in Melbourne, Australia. HYPE is a comprehensive and integrated indicated prevention and early intervention programme for youth (15–25 years of age). HYPE is comprised of a service model and an individual therapy, and incorporates the principles of cognitive analytic therapy. HYPE primarily aims to alter the life-course trajectory of young people with borderline personality pathology by improving functional outcomes, interpersonal relationships, and self-management, developing support networks independent of mental health services, promoting adaptive help-seeking, and avoiding or reducing iatrogenic harms.

Theories and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: Commentary on Gunderson et al.

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Clarkin
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Treatment Development

Models of personality pathology have been used to guide treatment development for patients with borderline personality disorder. The existing treatments are effective, but mechanisms of change related to the model have not been adequately explored.

Prospective Follow-up Study of Borderline Personality Disorder: Prognosis, Prediction of Outcome, and Axis II Comorbidity

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S Links ◽  
Ronald Heslegrave ◽  
Robert van Reekum
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Personality Psychopathology ◽  
Borderline Psychopathology

Objective: To examine the rate of persistence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), the existence of concomitant personality disorders on follow-up, and the predictors of outcome in patients who met criteria for BPD compared with patients with borderline features who failed to meet all of the criteria. Method: This prospective cohort study reassessed subjects for BPD diagnosis and cooccurring personality pathology at 7 years follow-up. Initial measures of borderline and comorbid personality psychopathology were used to predict levels of borderline or other personality disorder psychopathology at follow-up. Results: Of the 5 7 subjects who initially met the criteria for BPD, 30 (52.6%) were found to have remitted BPD, and 27 (47.4%) were characterized as having persistent BPD. The remitted group met significantly fewer comorbid personality disorder diagnoses than the persistent group (mean = 0.8, mean = 3.5 respectively; P < 0.05). Results also indicated that the initial level of borderline psychopathology was predictive of borderline psychopathology at follow-up, which explained 17% of the variance. Conclusions: This prospective follow-up study found that almost 50% of former inpatients with BPD continue to test positive for BPD at 7 years follow-up, and these persistent BPD patients also had significantly more comorbid personality psychopathology. Borderline psychopathology at follow-up was primarily predicted by the level of borderline psychopathology recorded at the initial assessment.

TFP Extended: Development and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-214
Author(s):  
John F. Clarkin ◽  
Eve Caligor ◽  
Julia Sowislo
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
The Core ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Recent Advances

Recent advances in the understanding of personality pathology have contributed to an emphasis on the core of personality pathology as deficits in self-functioning and interpersonal functioning at different levels of severity that must be assessed for clinical intervention. In concert with these conceptual and empirical advances, transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP), an empirically supported psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder, has been in constant development with extensive clinical use. This article describes an object relations model for conceptualizing and assessing levels of personality organization, a transdiagnostic approach to personality pathology, and related treatment modifications, thus expanding the utilization of TFP beyond borderline personality disorder to the full range of personality dysfunction. The core of this treatment approach is a sequential interpretive process between patient and therapist. This process takes place within the context of a structured treatment frame tailored to the unique individual with problems in self-functioning and interpersonal functioning in his/her particular environment.

Interpersonal Problems in Parents and Adolescent Borderline Personality Disorder Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sophie Kerr ◽  
Francesca Penner ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Adolescent Offspring ◽  
Parental Personality

Research shows that parental personality pathology is associated with borderline personality disorder features and internalizing/externalizing symptoms in offspring. However, studies have been limited by DSM-IV–based assessments of parental personality pathology. The authors leveraged evidence that interpersonal problems described by the Interpersonal Circumplex align with Criterion A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders and therefore used a measure of interpersonal problems to capture parental personality pathology. The authors hypothesized that parental interpersonal problems would be associated with a latent variable of borderline features in adolescent offspring. They also examined whether this relation with offspring borderline features existed above and beyond relations with offspring internalizing/externalizing symptoms, age, and gender. The sample included 524 inpatient adolescents (Mage = 15.31, 62.4% female) and their parents (80.5% female). Parental interpersonal problems demonstrated unique relationships with adolescent borderline features and externalizing symptoms, but not internalizing symptoms. Implications of the results, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals The interaction between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and childhood maltreatment as a predictor of personality pathology in females: Emotional reactivity as a potential mediating mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Byrd ◽  
Stephen B. Manuck ◽  
Samuel W. Hawes ◽  
Tayler J. Vebares ◽  
Vishwajit Nimgaonkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractResearch consistently demonstrates that common polymorphic variation in monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) moderates the influence of childhood maltreatment on later antisocial behavior, with growing evidence that the “risk” allele (high vs. low activity) differs for females. However, little is known abouthowthis Gene × Environment interaction functions to increase risk, or if this risk pathway is specific to antisocial behavior. Using a prospectively assessed, longitudinal sample of females (n= 2,004), we examined whether changes in emotional reactivity (ER) during adolescence mediated associations between this Gene × Environment and antisocial personality disorder in early adulthood. In addition, we assessed whether this putative risk pathway also conferred risk for borderline personality disorder, a related disorder characterized by high ER. While direct associations between early maltreatment and later personality pathology did not vary by genotype, there was a significant difference in the indirect path via ER during adolescence. Consistent with hypotheses, females with high-activityMAOAgenotype who experienced early maltreatment had greater increases in ER during adolescence, and higher levels of ER predicted both antisocial personality disorderandborderline personality disorder symptom severity. Taken together, findings suggest that the interaction betweenMAOAand early maltreatment places women at risk for a broader range of personality pathology via effects on ER.

Identity disturbance in adolescence: Associations with borderline personality disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Westen ◽  
Ephi Betan ◽  
Jared A. DeFife
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Developmental Task ◽  
Identity Disturbance ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Sturm Und Drang ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAlthough establishing a coherent identity is often viewed as a normative developmental task of adolescence, an important question is whether forms of identity disturbance seen in adult personality disorders can also be distinguished in adolescents. If so, such disturbances would constitute an essential target for research and clinical interventions. The goal of this study is to investigate the nature of identity disturbance in an adolescent clinical sample and to explore its links with personality pathology, particularly borderline personality disorder. A national random sample of 139 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists completed a battery of instruments on a randomly selected adolescent patient in their care, including measures of Axis II symptoms and the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version, an instrument designed for clinically experienced observers that assesses a wide range of manifestations of potential identity disturbance among adolescents. Factor analysis of the Identity Disturbance Questionnaire—Adolescent Version yielded four clinically and conceptually coherent factors that resembled dimensions previously identified in adults: lack of normative commitment, role absorption, painful incoherence, and lack of consistency. As in adults, identity disturbance in adolescents is a clinically meaningful, multidimensional construct exhibiting significant relationships with different forms of severe personality pathology, most notably borderline personality disorder. As such, identity disturbance can be a manifestation of psychopathology above and beyond the typical Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) of adolescence.

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