Perceived Behavioral Control Over Cervical Cancer Screening Measure

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth leading type of cancer in women worldwide (World Health Organization, 2015, Joshi et al, 2015). According to McFarland (2009) cervical cancer is the most common cancer leading to mortality and mobility among women in Botswana. Health Statistics Botswana (1995) noted that cervical cancer incidents continue to rise each year. It is even direr to have higher mortality and mobility among women in Botswana happening among a population that the HIV incidence and/or prevalence are humanly high. It is therefore crucial for developing countries like Botswana to take action just like the developed countries to determine the factors that predict screening for cervical cancer behaviors among Batswana women. These factors will be used to inform the design of the intervention that will lower the burden and associated morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer in Botswana. Aim: The major aim of this pilot study was to identify factors among Batswana women in going for screening for cervical cancer. The specific aims were to identify the norms and beliefs that influence cervical cancer screening among women in Botswana aged 25-49 years thus to identifying the attitudes, behavioral intentions, subjective norms, social norms, perceived power, and perceived behavioral control about cervical cancer screening among women aged 25-49 years in Botswana. Methods: In this research study, a qualitative research paradigm research approach was used to understand people's attitudes, behavioral intentions, subjective norms, social norms, perceived power, and perceived behavioral control. The study was guided by the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and its extension the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the social cognitive theory to conduct this elicitation phase. The study was then informed by this elicitation phase to design and administer, as the quantitative phase, the survey instrument to determine the predictors for going for cervical cancer screening among women in Botswana aged 25-49 years. This instrument was administered to 115 women among the targeted population at Mochudi and Moshupa. Results: Results of this study will reveal the knowledge about cervical cancer, the behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs and control beliefs held by Batswana women that contribute to their actions to go or not to go for cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: The findings will be used to design the intervention that will target to promote the going of cervical cancer screening among women aged 25-49 years in Botswana.

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Determining behavioral intention and its predictors towards cervical cancer screening among women in Gomma district, Jimma, Ethiopia: Application of the theory of planned behavior

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0238472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0238472

Author(s):

Wadu Wollancho ◽

Demuma Amdissa ◽

Shemsedin Bamboro ◽

Yitbarek Wasihun ◽

Kasahun Girma Tareke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Intention ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control

Background Cervical Cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Ethiopian women. Despite many interventions were conducted, there is low uptake of cervical cancer screening services. Also, limited evidence was available on the women’s intention and its predictors towards cervical cancer screening. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the intention and predicators of behavioral intention toward cervical cancer screening. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gomma district, Jimma, Ethiopia from August 1–30, 2019. The total sample sizes were 422 and a systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the samples. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire guide. Data were entered in epidata, and exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Descriptive, correlation, and multicollinearity analysis were done. Also, simple and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to identify the predictors for behavioral intention. The p-value<0.05 was used to declare a significant association. Result The response rate was 382 (90.5%). The mean age of the participants was of 26.45 (SD = 4.76). Direct attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control had a mean score of 16.78 (SD = 2.87), 15.61(SD = 1.92), and 12.86 (SD = 4.85), respectively. The intention has a mean score of 14.52 (SD = 4.01). From regression analysis, direct attitude (B = 0.346, p<0.001), direct subjective norm (B = 0.288, p = 0.008), direct perceived behavioral control (B = 0.132, p = 0.002) indirect attitude (B = 0.015, p = 0.019) and the indirect perceived behavioral control (B = 0.132, p = 0.002) were statistically significant with intention. Conclusion From this study, it was understood that women’s intention towards cervical cancer screening was low. The predictors were the direct and indirect attitude, direct and indirect subjective norm, direct and indirect perceived behavioral control. This calls a need to develop strategies and take action to improve the attitude of women and their influential peoples and increase sense of control to improve their intention to screen for cervical cancer. Moreover, health care providers should have to conduct social and behavioral change communication to improve women’s health seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening applying the concept of theory of planned behavior.

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Intention to Screen for Cervical Cancer in Debre Berhan Town, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2020/3024578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tomas Getahun ◽

Mirgissa Kaba ◽

Behailu Tariku Derseh

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Providers ◽

Debre Berhan

Background. Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in many developing countries. Despite the value of screening to prevent morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer, little available literature shows early detection and treatment to be limited in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of and identify factors associated with women’s intention to screen for cervical cancer using the theory of planned behavior. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design supplemented with a qualitative approach was employed. Using multistage sampling, a total of 821 women were used in the study. An interviewer-administered survey questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, whereas purposively selected 12 female health care providers were included in in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics and simple and multiple binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the magnitude of women’s intention, identify associated factors, and explore barriers for intention to cervical cancer screening among Debre Berhan women, Ethiopia. The statistical association was determined at a P value of less than 0.05. Moreover, thematic analysis was used to search the hindrances of women’s intention to screen for cervical cancer. Results. The median age of women who participated in this study was 39 years with IQR of 35 to 42 years. Three hundred sixty-one (361, 45.3%) of women had an intention to screen for cervical cancer within three months from the date of the interview. Positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening (AOR=6.164; 95% CI: 4.048, 9.387), positive subjective norm (AOR=2.001; 95% CI: 1.342, 2.982), and higher perceived behavioral control (AOR=7.105; 95% CI: 4.671, 10.807) were predictors of the women’s intention to screen for cervical cancer. The qualitative finding revealed that women did not like to be screened for cervical cancer because they thought that procedure pinch the cervix and it may result in perforating the uterus that would expose them for infertility. In addition, the qualitative findings supported quantitative results, where the constructs of the theory of planned behavior play an essential role in the betterment of women’s intention. Conclusion. This study showed that women’s intention to screen for cervical cancer was low. Positive attitudes towards cervical cancer screening (CCS), subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were predictors of women’s intention to screen for cervical cancer. Thus, efforts should be exerted to improve the attitude of women involving influential people, which could improve women’s intention for cervical cancer screening. Moreover, behavioral change communication focusing on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior is crucial.

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