Green purchasing behaviour of international tourists in Malaysia using green marketing tools: theory of planned behaviour perspective

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of green marketing tools on tourists’ behavioural intention to buy green products by measuring individuals’ subjective norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Design/methodology/approach A total of 421 international tourists from several tourist attractions in Malaysia, selected through convenience sampling, participated in a survey. Findings The analysis results using partial least squares structural equation modelling suggest that behavioural intention of international tourists is firmly influenced by attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and green marketing tools. However, the subjective norm does not work as a mediator. Practical implications The relationships established in this study provide insight into hoteliers’ knowledge for further implementation of green marketing strategies (eco-label, eco-brand, environmental advertising), which can enhance green attitudes and behavioural intention of purchasing green products in the hospitality industry. Originality/value This study expands the theory of planned behaviour by including green marketing tools to measure international tourists’ green buying tendency in Malaysia.

A model of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A synthesis of the theory of reasoned action, conspiracy theory belief, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use

The aim of this study is to investigate the key factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and develop a model based on the theory of reasoned action, belief in conspiracy theory, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The authors created and distributed a self-administered online questionnaire using Google Forms. Data were collected from 351 respondents ranging in age from 19 to 30 years, studying at the graduate and postgraduate levels at various public universities in Bangladesh. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that belief in conspiracy theory undermines COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, thereby negatively impacting the individual attitudes, subjective norms, and acceptance. Individual awareness, on the other hand, has a strong positive influence on the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness of vaccination and the perceived ease of obtaining the vaccine positively impact attitude and the acceptance of immunization. Individuals’ positive attitudes toward immunization and constructive subjective norms have a positive impact on vaccine acceptance. This study contributes to the literature by combining the theory of reasoned action with conspiracy theory, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use to understand vaccine acceptance behavior. Authorities should focus on campaigns that could reduce misinformation and conspiracy surrounding COVID-19 vaccination. The perceived usefulness of vaccination to prevent pandemics and continue normal education will lead to vaccination success. Furthermore, the ease with which people can obtain the vaccine and that it is free of cost will encourage students to get vaccinated to protect themselves, their families, and society.

Modelling the Factors That Predict the Intention to Take COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria

This study developed a model that predicted factors that prompt the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine among Nigerians. Data were collected from 385 respondents across Nigeria using snowball sampling technique with online questionnaire as instrument. Results indicated that cues to action, health motivation, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control positively predicted the intention to take COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria. However, perceived susceptibility, severity, and COVID-19 vaccine benefits did not predict the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Further findings showed that COVID-19 vaccine barrier and attitude was negatively associated with the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine.

People’s Behavior of North Indralaya of Ogan Ilir Against Wetland Fires

Konversi lahan dari fungsi aslinya mengakibatkan dampak negatif berupa kebakaran akibat aktivitas penebangan untuk membuka lahan yang dilakukan manusia. Salah satu lokasi kebakaran lahan basah di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan terjadi pada area seluas 3,925 ha di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir di tahun 2018. Kelalaian manusia yang seringkali melakukan pembukaan lahan dengan cara membakar menyebabkan kebakaran lahan basah. Kurangnya pengetahuan, informasi dan sanksi juga menjadi alasan masyarakat tidak perduli terhadap dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kegiatan membakar lahan. Dalam theory of planned behavior, perilaku tersusun dari keyakinan dan evaluasi seseorang untuk menumbuhkan sikap, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku sebagai mediator terbentuknya niat. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu mengkaji dan menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap kejadian kebakaran di lahan basah Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan. Informan penelitian berjumlah 16 orang yang terdiri dari 12 informan kunci dan 4 informan ahli. Informan kunci dipilih berdasarkan kriteria kepemilikan tanah, lokasi tempat tinggal dan mata pencaharian utama yang berdomisi di Desa Palem Raya dan Kelurahan Timbangan, Kecamatan Indralaya Utara. Empat orang informan ahli ialah Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD), Camat Indralaya Utara, dan dua orang kepala desa/lurah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap terhadap perilaku, norma subjektif, dan persepsi kontrol mendorong terbentuknya niat masyarakat Kecamatan Indralaya Utara untuk tidak melakukan pembakaran lahan. Sejak 2019, masyarakat tidak lagi membuka lahan dengan cara dibakar karena sudah ada peraturan pemerintah yang tegas sehingga dapat mengendalikan perilaku masyarakat dalam membakar lahan.ABSTRACT Land conversion from its original function resulted in negative impacts in the form of fires due to logging activities to clear land by humans. One of wetland fires located in South Sumatera Province is happened to 3,925 ha area on Ogan Ilir District in 2018. Human negligence which often clears land by burning caused of wetland fires. Lack of knowledge, information and sanctions are also reasons why people don't care about the impact of land burning activities. The theory of planned behavior states that behavior is composed of individual belief and evaluation to foster attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control as mediators of intention. The research design used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, which is to examine and analyze public perceptions of the occurrence of fires in the Ogan Ilir wetlands of South Sumatera. The research informants are 16 persons consisted 12 key informants and 4 expert informants. Key informants are choosen by land ownership, the main livelihood, and residence location which all come from Palem Raya and Timbangan Village. Four expert informants are the representative of Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), Subdistrict Head of North Indralaya, and two Village Head. The results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control encourage community’s intention in North Indralaya for not doing land fire anymore. Since 2019, community did not open the land by burning because of the strict regulation by government so that can control behavior related land fire.

Diagnostic intervention program based on construction workers' internal factors for persistent reduction of unsafe behavior

PurposeThis study aims to show what interventions in human factors can effectively reduce construction workers' unsafe behavior.Design/methodology/approachA diagnostic intervention model targeted the construction workers' weakest internal factors. The workers' behavior and cognition data were collected via a questionnaire and a video camera system from two medium-sized construction sites. A safety supervisor accompanied each site supervisor to improve construction workers' internal factors by implementing the designed intervention measures.FindingsThe statistical analysis results confirmed a persistent positive effect on construction workers' safe behavior by improving internal factors. Among the intervention programs applied, those aimed to improve the subjective norms, safety knowledge and attitudes had the most significant effect sizes.Practical implicationsThe findings of this case study advise project managers to design a specific behavioral intervention that aims at improving construction workers' significant internal factors, including subjective norms, safety attitudes, habits and knowledge together with demographic characteristics to reduce construction workers' unsafe behavior.Originality/valueWhile the declining rate of construction accidents approaches an asymptote which is still high, this study suggests that targeting the individual internal factors through diagnostic interventions is the key to further reduce the rate by improving construction workers' behavior.

Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Control Versus Contextual Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students From Poland

Purpose: The article analyses the influence of personal and contextual variables on entrepreneurial intentions of students from Poland. The article presents a structural model that has been developed from a set of student perceptions. Chosen variables included in the model allows explaining and managing the formation of the intention in the context of higher education. This study provides answers to the following questions: What role and which personal variables do play importance in the formation of entrepreneurship intention in the case of young people? Which and how contextual variables are important to enhance personal variables for entrepreneurial intentions? Methodology: The research was carried out by using critical literature analysis as well as statistical research. In carrying out this work, a causal quantitative methodology (structural equation modeling) was applied using the Amos program. Factor analysis has also been used in a descriptive methodological context. The empirical research was conducted in first quarter of 2020. Findings: Research conducted on a sample of over 330 Polish students has shown that not all personal factors are statistically significant in assessing the entrepreneurial intentions of young people. As the results show, subjective norms do not play a significant role in the intention to take up self-employment. External (contextual) factors related to the broadly understood environment supporting the future entrepreneur play an important role, but much less clear than the factors at the individual level and generally indirectly influence entrepreneurial intentions, strengthening the entrepreneur's personal factors. Practical Implications: The results suppose a theoretical and practical contribution to the promotion of entrepreneur intentions of university students inside and outside the educational context. Entrepreneurship promotion programmes run by universities must focus on developing the attitude of the potential entrepreneurs, conveying the message that, despite all the obstacles that exist when launching a business, the entrepreneurship route can be an interesting alternative. Originality/Value: In the study, the personal and contextual factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of students were taken into account. The causal model generated on a sample of 332 Polish respondents shows the importance of individual factors on entrepreneurial intentions and the impact of contextual constructs on personal factors. Contextual variables (i.e. education, public policy, supporting entrepreneurial environments) were found to have a positive impact on personal variables as well as entrepreneurial intentions.

Subjective norms as a mediation of the opportunity to donate factors and agreeableness personality that can affect the intention to donate

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of subjective norms as a mediation between the relationship opportunity to donate and agreeableness personality on intention to donate. This research includes a quantitative approach with a survey method distributed to 400 participants of BPJAMSOSTEK East Java Province using a Likert scale. Data analysis using SEM using WarpPLS 6.0 software. The results of this study state that subjective norms can be a link between the opportunity to donate and in accordance with the intention to donate. This can increase the intention to donate for BPJAMSOSTEK participants. The increased intention to donate owned by participants will increase participants who donate.

Exploring the antecedents of apparel disposal behaviors

To obtain a comprehensive view of the apparel disposal behaviors of young U.S. consumers, this study evaluated antecedents of apparel disposal behaviors using a framework based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), categorization theory, and prior literature. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of undergraduate students at a large U.S. Midwestern university through a self-administered online survey. A final sample of 358 usable surveys was analyzed through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos. The results supported the proposed relationships between environmental apparel knowledge and attitude toward sustainable methods of apparel disposal. In addition, the proposed relationships between attitude and apparel disposal intention (intention to discard, donate, reuse, or resell) were all supported except for intention to resell. While the results showed a significant and positive relationship between subjective norms and intention to resell or donate apparel, no significant relationship was shown between subjective norms and intention to reuse or discard apparel. In addition, subjective norms were a positive and significant antecedent of attitude. Lastly, respondents’ intention to engage in a particular apparel disposal behavior corresponded with the actual apparel disposal behavior.

The Influences of Reference Groups Towards the Usage of E-Wallet Payment Systems

This chapter investigates how the three referent groups (peers, parent, media) of subjective norms (SN) influence the intention of millennials to adopt e-wallets. This study is supported by the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework. A total of 215 usable responses were obtained and analyzed using SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3.2.6. The data is collected using a self-administered survey (Lancaster Qualtrics) and distributed randomly using the snowball sampling technique. The results indicate that the decomposition of SN has a significant relationship towards the intention of millennials to adopt e-wallets. This chapter also provides useful insights on what are the other factors that would build the intention of millennials towards the usage of e-wallets. Moreover, TPB along with the SOR framework supports the findings and provides better credibility to this study. This chapter concludes that brands should leverage more capital on media advertisements rather than peer referrals if they want to capture a larger market.