Supplemental Material for Supraliminal But Not Subliminal Distracters Bias Working Memory Recall

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Recall

scholarly journals Negative Emotion Reduces Visual Working Memory Recall Variability: A Meta-analytical Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhen Xie ◽  
Chaoxiong Ye ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Delay Estimation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Analytical Review

Negative emotion is often hypothesized to trigger a more deliberate processing mode.This effect can manifest as increased precision of information maintained in working memory (WM) captured by reduced WM recall variability. However, some recent evidence shows that WM representations are immune to any emotional influences. Here, we meta-analyze existing evidence based on data from 13 experiments across 491 participants who performed a delay estimation WM task under negative and neutral emotions. We find that negative emotion modestly reduces WM recall variability and increases recall failures relative to the neutral condition. These effects are moderated by participants’ self-report negative experiences during emotion induction. Collectively, these data suggest that negative emotion influences how muchand how well one can remember in WM.

scholarly journals Supraliminal but not subliminal distracters bias working memory recall.

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Wildegger ◽  
Nicholas E. Myers ◽  
Glyn Humphreys ◽  
Anna C. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Recall

scholarly journals Categorical judgments do not modify sensory information in working memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Luu ◽  
Alan A. Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Stimulus Feature ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Categorical Judgment ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Stimulus Features

AbstractCategorical judgments can systematically bias the perceptual interpretation of stimulus features. However, it remained unclear whether categorical judgments directly modify working memory representations or, alternatively, generate these biases via an inference process down-stream from working memory. To address this question we ran two novel psychophysical experiments in which human subjects had to revert their categorical judgments about a stimulus feature, if incorrect based on feedback, before providing an estimate of the feature. If categorical judgments indeed directly altered sensory representations in working memory, subjects’ estimates should reflect some aspects of their initial (incorrect) categorical judgment in those trials.We found no traces of the initial categorical judgment. Rather, subjects seem to be able to flexibly switch their categorical judgment if needed and use the correct corresponding categorical prior to properly perform feature inference. A cross-validated model comparison also revealed that feedback may lead to selective memory recall such that only memory samples that are consistent with the categorical judgment are accepted for the inference process. Our results suggest that categorical judgments do not modify sensory information in working memory but rather act as top-down expectation in the subsequent sensory recall and inference process down-stream from working memory.

scholarly journals No evidence that LSD microdosing affects recall or the balance between distracter resistance and updating

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean James Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Dmts Task

AbstractThe effect of low doses (<=20 μg) of LSD on working memory, in the absence of altered states of consciousness, remain largely unexplored. Given its possible effects on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and dopaminergic signalling, it could be hypothesised that LSD microdoses modulate working memory recall. Moreover, in line with computational models, LSD microdoses could exert antagonistic effects on distracter resistance and updating. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing three different LSD microdoses (5 μg, 10μg and 20μg) with placebo. After capsule administration, participants performed a modified delay-match-to-sample (DMTS) dopamine-sensitive task. The standard DMTS task was modified to include novel items in the delay period between encoding and probe. These novel items either had to be ignored or updated into working memory. There was no evidence that LSD microdoses affected the accuracy or efficiency of working memory recall and there was no evidence for differential effects on ignoring or updating. Due to the small sample of participants, these results are preliminary and larger studies are required to establish whether LSD microdoses affect short-term recall.

Developmental dyslexia: How taxonomic and thematic organization affect working memory recall

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Artuso ◽  
Francesco Bellelli ◽  
Carmen Belacchi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Memory Recall

scholarly journals Effects of Instructor Gender, Visual, and Auditory Melodic Recorded Instruction on Sequential Working Memory Recall in Individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Edward Todd Schwartzberg ◽  
Michael J Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Monosyllabic Words

There is a lack of empirical inquiry concerning the effect of the therapist’s gender and aspects of visual and auditory melodic instruction on working memory recall in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of instructor gender and visual and auditory melodic instruction on working memory in individuals with ASD.  Participants (n = 38 individuals with ASD and n = 18 neurotypical [NT] university students) viewed or listened to four melodic sequences of seven randomized monosyllabic words sung by female and male instructors. To assess working memory, participants’ tasks were to sequentially recall the paired information presented within each condition.  There was no significant within-group difference between both the male and female instructor conditions or the visual + auditory or auditory only melodic instruction.  Although not significant, participants tended to have slightly higher mean recall for the male instructor with visual + auditory stimuli condition and lower mean recall for the female instructor with auditory only stimuli condition.  There was a significant between-group difference with the NT group having greater recall accuracy than the ASD group.  Regardless of group or condition, participants tended to have greater recall accuracy at primary and recency serial positions.  As individuals with ASD may have unique learning challenges, information paired with music may be delivered in multi-sensory ways to increase the likelihood of recall and subsequent learning.  Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Motivation Improves Working Memory by Two Processes: Prioritisation and Retrieval Thresholds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Grogan ◽  
Govind Randhawa ◽  
Minho Kim ◽  
Sanjay G Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Memory Precision ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Attention Shifts

Motivation can improve performance when the potential rewards outweigh the cost of effort expended. In working memory (WM), people can prioritise rewarded items at the expense of unrewarded items, suggesting a fixed memory capacity. But can capacity itself increase with motivation? Across four experiments (N = 30-34) we demonstrate motivational improvements in WM even when all items were rewarded. However, this was not due to better memory precision, but rather better selection of the probed item within memory. Motivational improvements operated independently of encoding, maintenance, or attention shifts between items in memory. Moreover, motivation slowed responses. This contrasted with the benefits of rewarding items unequally, which allowed prioritisation of one item over another. We conclude that motivation can improve memory recall, not via precision or capacity, but via speed-accuracy trade-offs when selecting the item to retrieve.

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