Logical reasoning versus information processing in the dual-strategy model of reasoning.

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Markovits ◽  
Janie Brisson ◽  
Pier-Luc de Chantal
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Dual Strategy

From Rotation to Disfiguration: Testing a Dual-Strategy Model for Recognition of Faces across View Angles

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p2932 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Valentin ◽  
Hervé Abdi ◽  
Betty Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Model ◽  
Dual Strategy

Reasoning strategy modulates gender differences in performance on a spatial rotation task

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2870-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Markovits
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Reasoning Strategy ◽  
Statistical Strategy ◽  
Dual Strategy ◽  
Unlimited Time ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Advantage

The dual-strategy model of reasoning has proposed that individual differences in reasoning can be understood as due to two general ways of processing information: an analytic, counterexample strategy that examines information for explicit potential counterexamples and an intuitive, statistical strategy that uses associative access to generate a likelihood estimate of putative conclusions. Previous studies have examined this model in the context of basic conditional reasoning tasks. However, the distinctions that underlie the dual-strategy model can be seen as a basic description of more general differences in information processing. A recent study examining interactions between gender and strategy use in processing of negative emotions found that gender differences were modulated by strategy, with the general advantage of females concentrated within statistical reasoners. Two studies were performed to extend this analysis to performance on a mental rotation task for which there also exist clear gender differences. The initial study presented rotation tasks with unlimited time. Results show that males perform better on more difficult rotation tasks than females, with the difference concentrated among statistical reasoners. The second study replicated this using a restricted time (4 s) to make each judgement and showed an increase in the effect of both gender and strategy. This provides additional evidence that the dual-strategy model captures an important individual difference in the general way that information is processed.

scholarly journals Mental Models or Probabilistic Reasoning or Both

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Natasha Beeson ◽  
Edward J. N. Stupple ◽  
Malcolm B. Schofield ◽  
Paul Staples
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Probabilistic Reasoning ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Reasoning Strategy ◽  
Dual Strategy ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Normative Considerations

The present paper presents an overview of contemporary reasoning research to examine the evidence for and implications of the Dual Strategy Model of Reasoning. The Dual Strategy Model of Reasoning proposes that there are two types of reasoning strategy applied in deductive reasoning - counterexample and statistical. The paper considers Mental Models Theory and The Probability Heuristics Model as candidate specifications for these respective strategies and hypotheses are proposed on this basis. The Dual Strategy Model is further considered in the context of Dual Process theory, the Dual Source Model and Meta-reasoning and implications of the synergy between these proposals are considered. We finally consider the Dual Strategy Model in the context of individual differences, and normative considerations before proposing novel hypotheses and further avenues of research which we argue require exploration in this context.

scholarly journals The "fascist" discourse in computer mediated communication: the "dual strategy" model of the Italian Extreme Right

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Tateo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Dual Strategy

The study is about the identity construction of Italian Extreme Right groups in different Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) environments. Rhetoric Psychology and Critical Discourse Analysis joint approaches are used to analyse two websites and two newsgroups of extreme right. The results confirm Billig's hypothesis that such groups play a dual communication strategy in Computer Mediated Communication, addressing in different ways to the outgroup and the ingroup. This communication strategy has two different functions. In self-presentation towards the outgroup, the emerging group identity fulfils the search for a wider social legitimation, consensus and recruiting. In the ingroup communication, the emerging identity construction answers to the need for preservation of group cohesion and positive self-image.

scholarly journals Decision-making, cognitive functions, impulsivity, and media multitasking expectancies in high versus low media multitaskers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke M. Müller ◽  
Johannes Schiebener ◽  
Matthias Brand ◽  
Magnus Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Objective Risk

AbstractIn several studies, individuals who reported to frequently multitask with different media displayed reduced cognitive performance, for example in fluid intelligence and executive functioning. These cognitive functions are relevant for making advantageous decisions under both objective risk (requiring reflection and strategical planning) and ambiguous risk (requiring learning from feedback). Thus, compared to low media multitaskers (LMMs), high media multitaskers (HMMs) may perform worse in both types of decision situations. The current study investigated HMMs and LMMs in a laboratory setting with the Game of Dice Task (GDT; objective risk), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; ambiguous risk), various tests quantifying cognitive functions (logical reasoning, working memory, information processing, general executive functions), and self-report measures of impulsivity, media multitasking expectancies, and problematic Internet use. From 182 participants, 25 HMMs and 19 LMMs were identified using the Media Multitasking Index. Results show that HMMs compared to LMMs performed weaker on the IGT but not on the GDT. Furthermore, HMMs had slightly decreased performance in tests of logical reasoning and working memory capacity. HMMs tended to increased information processing speed but this difference was not significant. Furthermore, HMMs have more positive expectancies regarding media multitasking and reported higher tendencies toward problematic Internet use. HMMs and LMMs did not differ significantly with respect to impulsivity and executive functions. The results give a first hint that HMMs may have difficulties in decision-making under ambiguous but not under objective risk. HMMs may be more prone to errors in tasks that require feedback processing. However, HMMs appear not to be impaired in aspects of long-term strategic decision-making.

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

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