Chemical Composition of the Golgi Apparatus in the Exocrine and Endocrine Cells in the Pancreas of the Mouse

Nature ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 173 (4417) ◽  
pp. 1235-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS LACY
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Endocrine Cells

scholarly journals Studies on the synthesis and intracellular transport of lipoprotein particles in rat liver.

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Glaumann ◽  
A Bergstrand ◽  
J L Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Lipoprotein Particles ◽  
Parallel Change ◽  
Rough Er

Lipoprotein particles (d less than 1.03 g/ml) were isolated from rough and smooth microsomes and from the Golgi apparatus of rat liver, and were characterized chemically and morphologically. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) particles were rich in protein (50%) and contained phospholipids (PLP) and triglycerides (TG) in smaller amounts, whereas the lipoprotein particles emanating from the smooth ER, and especially the Golgi apparatus, were rich in TG and PLP, resembling very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of serum. The difference in chemical composition among the particles was associated with change in size both in situ and in isolated lipoprotein fractions. The rough ER particles were 200-800 A in diameter (mean similar to 420 A); the smooth er particles 200-900 A (mean similar to 520 A); the Golgi particles 350-950 A (mean similar to 580A); and serum VLDL 300-800 A (mean similar to 450 A). Generally, lipoprotein particles were rare in the rough ER, frequent but diffusely dispersed in smooth ER, and occurring mainly in clusters in "secretory vesicles" of the Golgi complex. They were seldom observed in the cisternal compartments of the Golgi complex. At short intervals (less than 15 min), intravenously injected radioactive glycerol was preferentially channelled into TG, whereas at later time points the majority of the isotope was recovered in the PLP. Three TG pools were distinguished: (a) a cytoplasmic pool with a slow turnover rate; (b) a membrane-associated TG pool; and (c) a pool corresponding to the TG moiety of lipoprotein particles, which showed the highest initial rate of labeling and fastest turnover. When, after pulse labeling, the appearance of incorporation of radioactive glycerol into TG or PLP of isolated lipoproteins was followed from one subcellular fraction to the other, a sequence of labeling was noted. During the first interval, TG from both rough and smooth microsomal lipoproteins displayed a high rate of labeling with peak value at 6 min, followed by a quick fall-off, while the Golgi lipoproteins reached maximal level at 10-20 min after administration. There was an interval of 10-15 min before the appearance of labeled VLDL in serum. It is concluded that the assembly of the apoproteins and lipid moieties into lipoprotein particles-presumed to be precursors of liver VLDL-begins in the rough ER and continues in the smooth ER. Also, there is a parallel change in chemical composition and size of the lipoprotein particles as they make their way through the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Some remodeling of the particles may take place in the Golgi apparatus before discharge into the circulation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Phosphatidic Acid Synthesis Alters the Structure of the Golgi Apparatus and Inhibits Secretion in Endocrine Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 275 (16) ◽  
pp. 12023-12031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Siddhanta ◽  
Jonathan M. Backer ◽  
Dennis Shields
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Acid Synthesis

scholarly journals Secretion and the Golgi apparatus in the cells of the islets of Langerhans

1927 ◽  
Vol 101 (706) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
General Statement ◽  
Endocrine Organs

Observations on the cells of the thyroid and of the adrenal medulla of animals placed under conditions which are known to stimulate the functional activity of these organs, have rendered it possible to correlate the functional activity of these endocrine cells with definite morphological changes, both as regards form and size of these cells, and their finer cytological structure, especially mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. Conversely, by excluding stimulating factors, it has been possible to produce a condition of rest in these endocrine organs in which the cells present a fairly uniform appearance. It is unnecessary to refer to these changes in detail, as they have been described and figured in several publications (Cramer, Cramer and Ludford). It is sufficient to make the general statement that in these two glands the functional activity of the cells manifests itself by morphological changes, which may be very considerable. In the present investigations we have attempted to apply these considerations to a study of the islets of Langerhans. So far it has not been possible to obtain experimental evidence of the factors which control the secretory activity of the islets. From the beginning we meet here with the difficulty that the cells of the islets of animals, such as the rat, mouse and cat, on which our observations were made, present very marked differences in the size and arrangement of the cells, and also in their finer cytological structure, although the animals have been kept under apparently identical conditions. That is true not only if we compare the islets of animals of the same species, but even if we compare the islets in the pancreas of one and the same individual, or even the different cells in one and the same islet.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein particles from the Golgi apparatus of guinea-pig liver

1972 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. John Chapman ◽  
Gervase L. Mills ◽  
C. E. Taylaur
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Cell Fraction ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver ◽  
Gross Chemical Composition

1. A cell fraction has been isolated from guinea-pig liver and shown to be rich in Golgi apparatus by electron microscopy. The activity of UDP-d-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase was over 100-fold greater in this cell fraction than in the liver homogenate. These data support the conclusion that the fraction was enriched in Golgi apparatus. 2. The Golgi cisternae and secretory vesicles contained electron-dense particles of 10–80nm diameter. Disruption of the Golgi apparatus cell fraction released these particles, which were separated into VLD (very-low-density) and LD (low-density) species on the basis of their density. 3. The Golgi VLD particles possessed morphological, flotational, chemical and immunochemical properties which closely resembled those of the serum VLD lipoproteins from the same animals. 4. The Golgi LD particles were rich in phospholipid, containing 48.1% by weight. The chemical composition of these particles was quite distinct from that of the serum LD lipoproteins, but did, however, show some similarity to that of the serum VLD lipoproteins. A marked resemblance was noted in the chemical characteristics of the Golgi LD and VLD particles (with the exception of triglyceride content). In addition, these two species of Golgi particles possessed the same antigenic determinant. 5. The results suggest that the Golgi VLD particles are the precursors of the serum VLD lipoproteins. On the basis of similarities in gross chemical composition and in the antigenic determinant of the Golgi LD and VLD particles, we conclude that the LD particles are probably the precursors of the VLD particles. In view of the marked differences in gross chemical composition of the Golgi LD particles and serum LD lipoproteins, it appears unlikely that the LD particles are directly secreted into the serum pool.

A Comparative Histochemical Study of the ‘Golgi Apparatus’

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (57) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
S. K. MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Limnaea Stagnalis

The purpose of this investigation was to find out the responses of Golgi's net in the neurones of vertebrates to various dyes and histochemical reagents, and to compare these responses with those given by the ‘dictyosomes’ of the cells of invertebrates. Dictyosomes are regarded by many cytologists as the homologue of Golgi's net. The young oocyte of Limnaea stagnalis was chosen as a cell that possesses typical dictyosomes, which have recently been examined by histochemical methods. The object that presents the characteristic Golgi pictures in the neurones of vertebrates is essentially different, not only in ultrastructure but also in its chemical composition, from those that represent in life the ‘dictyosomes’ of invertebrates. The dictyosomes of the oocyte react positively to tests for phospholipid and cerebroside, whereas Golgi's net is negative to these tests. Tests for arginine and for ribonucleic acid are positive for Golgi's net, but not for the dictyosomes of the oocyte. The dictyosomes are intensely stained by Rawitz's inversion staining technique and also by acid fuchsine (Metzner) and by iron haematoxylin, but these techniques do not show the net in the neurones of vertebrates. Golgi's net is resistant to embedding in paraffin after fixation in Clarke's (Carnoy's) fluid, but the dictyosomes are not. Neutral red is taken up during life by the object representing the dictyosomes, but not by the net of Golgi.

The Chemical Composition of Lipid Globules in the Neurones of Helix Aspersa

1957 ◽  
Vol s3-98 (41) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
J.T. Y. CHOU
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
The Third ◽  
Histochemical Tests

1. The three kinds of globules that can be recognized in the living neurone of Helix aspersa are sharply distinguishable from one another by histochemical tests. 2. One kind of globule contains phospholipid; another appears to consist of trioglyceride; the third is complex chemically, containing mixed lipids with some protein and carbohydrate. 3. When osmium techniques for the ‘Golgi apparatus’ are applied to this particular cell, phospholipid is blackened.

The Golgi Apparatus and Lipoidal Bodies in Exocrine and Endocrine Cells in the Pancreas of Man

1954 ◽  
Vol s3-95 (30) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
DENNIS LACY
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Cell Types

The cells of the pancreas of a woman were studied by means of Aoyama's and Baker's methods with the following results: 1. A canal-like Golgi apparatus and lipoidal bodies are observed in both exocrine and endocrine cells. 2. The size of the apparatus and the number of lipoidal bodies are in inverse ratio in both cell types. These results do not support the theory that the Golgi apparatus as seen in fixed cells is the result of the metallic impregnation of lipoidal bodies.

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