A Comparative Histochemical Study of the ‘Golgi Apparatus’

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (57) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
S. K. MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Limnaea Stagnalis

The purpose of this investigation was to find out the responses of Golgi's net in the neurones of vertebrates to various dyes and histochemical reagents, and to compare these responses with those given by the ‘dictyosomes’ of the cells of invertebrates. Dictyosomes are regarded by many cytologists as the homologue of Golgi's net. The young oocyte of Limnaea stagnalis was chosen as a cell that possesses typical dictyosomes, which have recently been examined by histochemical methods. The object that presents the characteristic Golgi pictures in the neurones of vertebrates is essentially different, not only in ultrastructure but also in its chemical composition, from those that represent in life the ‘dictyosomes’ of invertebrates. The dictyosomes of the oocyte react positively to tests for phospholipid and cerebroside, whereas Golgi's net is negative to these tests. Tests for arginine and for ribonucleic acid are positive for Golgi's net, but not for the dictyosomes of the oocyte. The dictyosomes are intensely stained by Rawitz's inversion staining technique and also by acid fuchsine (Metzner) and by iron haematoxylin, but these techniques do not show the net in the neurones of vertebrates. Golgi's net is resistant to embedding in paraffin after fixation in Clarke's (Carnoy's) fluid, but the dictyosomes are not. Neutral red is taken up during life by the object representing the dictyosomes, but not by the net of Golgi.

The Cytoplasmic Inclusions of the Neurones of Crustacea

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (53) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
S. K. MALHOTRA
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Golgi Methods ◽  
Astacus Fluviatilis ◽  
Nissl Substance

Four kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions can be recognized in the neurones of Leander serratus and Astacus fluviatilis. These are (i) spherical or almost spherical bodies, which often show a differentiated cortex and medulla; (ii) mitochondria, in the form of minute granules and short rods; (iii) Nissl substance, uniformly dispersed; (iv) ‘trophospongial’ structures, which are connected with the surface of the cell, and ramify in the form of delicate filaments throughout the cytoplasm. Neutral red colours the spherical bodies in life; it does not seem to interfere with their optically visible structure. The spherical bodies often burst open into rods and crescents; these correspond to what other authors have called ‘Golgi apparatus’ or ‘dictyosomes’. The term ‘Golgi apparatus’ has also been applied by certain authors to the ‘trophospongial’ structures. Histochemical study reveals that the surfaces of the spherical bodies, which are blackened by osmium tetroxide or silver nitrate in the Golgi methods, respond to tests for phospholipid after an ‘unmasking’ fixative has been used. The evidence also suggests the presence of cerebroside (galactolipid) in these bodies.

scholarly journals Guanylation of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid by a Cell-free Lysate of Rabbit Reticulocytes

1973 ◽  
Vol 248 (22) ◽  
pp. 7780-7785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Farkas ◽  
Ram D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

A New In Vitro Model for Predicting the Toxicity of Cosmetic Products

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Maria Carrara ◽  
Lorenzo Cima ◽  
Roberto Cerini ◽  
Maurizio Dalle Carbonare
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Cell Culture Insert ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Cosmetic Emulsions

A method has been developed whereby cosmetic products which are not soluble in water or in alcohol can be brought into contact with cell cultures by being placed in a cell culture insert, which is then placed in the cell culture well. Preliminary experiments were carried out with L929 cells, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring neutral red uptake and the total protein content of treated cultured cells. Encouraging results were obtained in comparisons of three cosmetic emulsions and of one emulsion containing a range of concentrations of two preservatives, Kathon CG and Bronopol.

scholarly journals Trafficking of lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in a cell-free system from rat liver

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (7) ◽  
pp. 4322-4328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Moreau ◽  
M Rodriguez ◽  
C Cassagne ◽  
D M Morré ◽  
D J Morré
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Free System ◽  
Cell Free System ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals The Cytoplasmic Inclusions of a Mammalian Sympathetic Neurone: A Histochemical Study

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (33) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
W. G. BRUCE CASSELMAN ◽  
JOHN R. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Histochemical Tests

1. The neurones studied were those of the anterior mesenteric and coeliac ganglia of immature rabbits. 2. Ectoplasm and endoplasm can be distinguished in these cells. 3. Two kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions occur. These are (a) spherical or spheroid lipid globules or lipochondria, which are confined to the endoplasm; and (b) very minute threads and granules, regarded as mitochondria. 4. A wide variety of histochemical tests was used. The results indicate that the lipochondria consist of galactolipid (cerebrosid) and phospholipid, though the smallest ones may perhaps consist of galactolipid only. 5. The objects regarded as mitochondria are too small for accurate investigation by in situ histochemical methods, but they give positive reactions for phospholipid and protein.

A STAINING TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING THE TOXICITY OF AN ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTANCE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ORIGIN

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (12) ◽  
pp. 602-608
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Antibiotic Agent ◽  
Antibiotic Substance

A method is described in which the absorption of neutral red by dead cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is used as an index of the toxicity of an antibiotic agent produced by a bacillus.

A histochemical study of the distribution of glycogen and oxidoreductase activity in Polymorphus minutus (Goeze, 1782) (Acanthocephala)

Parasitology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. T. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Oxidoreductase Enzymes

The distribution of glycogen has been studied in P. minutus by means of histochemical methods. The strongest staining for glycogen was detected in the proboscis, the radial layer of the body wall and the non-contractile parts of the muscles.Histochemical methods have also been used to study the localization of the activity of ten oxidoreductase enzymes. The enzymes are situated in the mitochondria of P. minutus, the distribution of which corresponds closely with that of glycogen.I am grateful to Dr P. Tate for helpful discussions, and to Drs D. L. Lee and F. P. B. Wooding for criticizing the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Mr D. Barnard for technical assistance.

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