scholarly journals Evolutionary changes in components of fitness and other polygenic traits in Drosophila melanogaster populations

Heredity ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano A Buzzati-Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Polygenic Traits

The Short antennae gene of Tribolium is required for limb development and encodes the orthologue of the Drosophila Distal-less protein

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beermann ◽  
D.G. Jay ◽  
R.W. Beeman ◽  
M. Hulskamp ◽  
D. Tautz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Evolutionary Changes

Insects bear a stereotyped set of limbs, or ventral body appendages. In the highly derived dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, the homeodomain transcription factor encoded by the Distal-less (Dll) gene plays a major role in establishing distal limb structures. We have isolated the Dll orthologue (TcDll) from the beetle Tribolium castaneum, which, unlike Drosophila, develops well-formed limbs during embryogenesis. TcDll is initially expressed at the sites of limb primordia formation in the young embryo and subsequently in the distal region of developing legs, antennae and mouthparts except the mandibles. Mutations in the Short antennae (Sa) gene of Tribolium delete distal limb structures, closely resembling the Dll phenotype in Drosophila. TcDll expression is severely reduced or absent in strong Sa alleles. Genetic mapping and molecular analysis of Sa alleles also support the conclusion that TcDll corresponds to the Sa gene. Our data indicate functional conservation of the Dll gene in evolutionarily distant insect species. Implications for evolutionary changes in limb development are discussed.

Interspecific hybridization between Drosophila species group melanogaster sibling species: isozymic patterns and reproductive relationships

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Goulielmos ◽  
S. N. Alahiotis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
Male Genital

In spite of previous consensus that no F1 fertile hybrids (of both sexes) could be produced between any mating combination of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. mauritiana, the present data indicate that such hybrids were obtained. Thus, some crosses between D. mauritiana females and D. simulans or D. melanogaster males yield F1 fertile hybrids (of both sexes) which have been named Masi (or Masi-2 and Masi-3) and Mame, respectively. Electrophoretic studies, using the species-diagnostic genes for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase (6-Pgd, Adh, and Aldox, respectively), were used to investigate the hybrid status, taking into consideration (i) their reproductive relationships, (ii) the coexistence of electromorphs from different species in the same hybrid, within the same generation, and (iii) the expression of the above electromorphs in the hybrids as well as in progeny from backcrosses, where unexpected irregularities and abnormalities were observed. These interspecific hybrids have been kept in our laboratory (as stocks) for 50 generations, to date, and have also been tested for various characteristics that contributed to the verification of their hybrid status (mating abilities, enzyme activities, hybrid sex ratio, the morphology of male genital arches and other fitness components). The finding of major genetic phenomena (e.g., allozymic repression) in these hybrid genomes gives some idea of the nature of events that could be associated with strong evolutionary changes, thus controlling speciation processes.Key words: Drosophila, electrophoresis, electromorphs, interspecific hybrids.

Redundant and cryptic enhancer activities of the Drosophila yellow gene

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Kalay ◽  
Jennifer Lachowiec ◽  
Ulises Rosas ◽  
Mackenzie R. Dome ◽  
Patricia Wittkopp
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Model System ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
And Function

Abstractcis-regulatory sequences known as enhancers play a key role in regulating gene expression. Evolutionary changes in these DNA sequences contribute to phenotypic evolution. The Drosophila yellow gene, which is required for pigmentation, has emerged as a model system for understanding how cis-regulatory sequences evolve, providing some of the most detailed insights available into how activities of orthologous enhancers have diverged between species. Here, we examine the evolution of yellow cis-regulatory sequences on a broader scale by comparing the distribution and function of yellow enhancer activities throughout the 5’ intergenic and intronic sequences of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura, and Drosophila willistoni. We find that cis-regulatory sequences driving expression in a particular tissue are not as modular as previously described, but rather have many redundant and cryptic enhancer activities distributed throughout the regions surveyed. Interestingly, cryptic enhancer activities of sequences from one species often drove patterns of expression observed in other species, suggesting that the frequent evolutionary changes in yellow expression observed among Drosophila species may be facilitated by gaining and losing repression of pre-existing cis-regulatory sequences.

scholarly journals Dietary Restriction Induces a Stable Metabolic Obesity Phenotype in Drosophila Melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Hilary Asiimwe ◽  
Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman ◽  
Juma John Ochieng ◽  
David Onanyang ◽  
Lawrence Obado Osuwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Obesity Phenotype

Abstract ObjectiveChallenges associated with current nutritional models to induce obesity in Drosophila melanogaster created a rationale for this study. The objective of the study was to investigate biochemical changes associated with high-fat diet (HFD), high sucrose diet (HSD), and a protein-restricted diet (DR) to induce a healthy metabolic obesity state. Drosophila melanogaster were fed to four experimental diets: regular food (control), HFD, HSD, and DR, for four weeks. Peristaltic waves were measured on 3rd instar larvae, while negative geotaxis, body mass, catalase activity; and total triglycerides, sterol, and protein were measured in adult Drosophila melanogaster.ResultsDR produced a Drosophila melanogaster phenotype which had superior adaptive advantages than that generated from HFD and HSD. HFD was the best phenotype during larval stages; however, locomotory, body mass, triglyceride, sterol concentrations, and catalase activity were highest in the DR phenotype during adulthood. High catalase activity and high triglyceride content demonstrated a balanced and healthy metabolic obesity status than in other phenotypes in the adult stage. Evolutionary changes are responsible for the selective advantage of the DR phenotype over the HFD phenotype. Prospective studies to guide therapy and community behavior should place more emphasis on the DR phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster.

The urate oxidase gene of Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila melanogaster: Evolutionary changes of sequence and regulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Friedman ◽  
Jean B. Burnett ◽  
Susan Lootens ◽  
Robin Steinman ◽  
Lori L. Wallrathl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Urate Oxidase ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Changes

Author response for "Location and arrangement of campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa F. Dinges ◽  
Alexander S. Chockley ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Kei Ito ◽  
Alexander Blanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

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