scholarly journals Innervation of the Cerebral Veins as Compared with the Cerebral Arteries: A Histochemical and Electron Microscopic Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Nakakita ◽  
Harumichi Imai ◽  
Ichiro Kamei ◽  
Yutaka Naka ◽  
Kunio Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Internal Cerebral Vein ◽  
Green Fluorescent

The distribution of nerve fibers in the cerebral veins was studied by catecholamine fluorescence simultaneously with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. A comparison of nerve fibers in the cerebral arteries was made, The ultrastructure of terminal boutons in the veins fixed with potassium permanganate was also studied, In the adventitia of the cerebral artery, green fluorescent aminergic fibers and brownish AChE-reactive (probably cholinergic) fibers were observed. In contrast, the cerebral venous system showed no AChE-positive fibers. Catecholamine fluorescent varicose fibers were detected in the dural sinus, the internal cerebral vein, and the superficial vein of Labbé. The highest density of aminergic fibers was found in the dural sinus and the second highest in the internal cerebral vein. Most of the terminal boutons in the adventitia of the cerebral veins were found adjacent to a muscle-like cell and showed only cored vesicles under electron microscopy. Results of our study suggest that the cerebral venous system has a neurogenic innervation, mainly from aminergic fibers, which is different from the neurogenic supply to the cerebral arterial system.

Aminergic innervation of cerebral veins

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Itakura ◽  
Kazuo Nakakita ◽  
Ichiro Kamei ◽  
Yutaka Naka ◽  
Kunio Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Cerebral Vein ◽  
Aminergic Innervation ◽  
Longitudinal Pattern

✓ The density and distribution pattern of aminergic nerve fibers in intracranial and extracranial veins were compared by means of catecholamine histofluorescence studies. Extracranial veins (internal jugular, inferior caval, portal, renal, internal iliac, and femoral veins) showed quite a uniform distribution pattern. Large veins (jugular, caval, renal, and iliac veins) revealed a spiral pattern, and small veins presented as a meshwork (femoral vein) or in a longitudinal pattern (a branch of the femoral vein). In contrast, intracranial veins displayed more complex patterns: the dural sinus showed a longitudinal pattern and the internal cerebral vein and the superficial vein of Labbé revealed a meshwork of nerve fibers. The aminergic fibers were denser in cerebral veins (dural sinus and internal cerebral vein) than in extracranial veins. The complex distribution and the density of aminergic fibers in cerebral veins suggest that the aminergic innervation of the circulatory system may be more important in the brain than in the extracranial organs.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Causes Diminished Myogenic Tone and Outward Hypotrophic Remodeling of the Cerebral Vein of Galen

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Eva van der Wijk ◽  
Malou PH Schreurs ◽  
Marilyn J Cipolla
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Stasis ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Myogenic Tone ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Vein Of Galen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Serotonergic Innervation

Pregnancy increases the risk of several complications associated with the cerebral veins, including thrombosis and hemorrhage. In contrast to the cerebral arteries and arterioles, few studies have focused on the effect of pregnancy on the cerebral venous side. Here, we investigated for the first time the effect of pregnancy on the function and structure of the cerebral vein of Galen in rats. Our major finding was that cerebral veins from late-pregnant (LP, n = 11) rats had larger lumen diameters and thinner walls than veins from nonpregnant (NP, n = 13) rats, indicating that pregnancy caused outward hypotrophic remodeling of the vein of Galen. Moreover, veins from NP animals had a small amount of myogenic tone at 10 mm Hg (3.9 ± 1.0%) that was diminished in veins during pregnancy (0.8 ± 0.3%; P < 0.01). However, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation of the veins was unchanged during pregnancy. Using immunohistochemistry, we show that the vein of Galen receives perivascular innervation, and that serotonergic innervation of cerebral veins is significantly higher in veins from LP animals. Outward hypotrophic remodeling and diminished tone of cerebral veins during pregnancy may contribute to the development of venous pathology through elevated wall tension and wall stress, and possibly by promoting venous blood stasis.

Microsurgical Anatomy of the Deep Venous System of the Brain

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Ono ◽  
Albert L. Rhoton ◽  
David Peace ◽  
Roland J. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Internal Cerebral Vein ◽  
Deep Venous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Basal Cisterns

Abstract The microsurgical anatomy of the deep venous system of the brain was examined in 20 cerebral hemispheres. The deep venous system is composed of the internal cerebral, basal, and great veins and their tributaries. This system drains the deep white and gray matter surrounding the lateral and 3rd ventricles and the basal cisterns. The deep veins are divided into a ventricular group composed of the veins converging on the walls of the lateral ventricles and a cisternal group that includes the veins draining the walls of the basal cisterns. The internal cerebral vein is included in the ventricular group because it is predominantly related to the ventricles, and the basal and great veins are reviewed with the cisternal group because they course through the basal cisterns. The choroidal veins are included with the ventricle veins because they arise on the choroid plexus in the ventricles. The thalamic veins appear in both the ventricular and the cisternal groups because some course on the ventricular surfaces and others course in the basal cisterns. The operative approaches to the major trunks in this system are reviewed.

scholarly journals Intracranial MR Venography Using L ow-Field Magnet: Normal Anatomy and Variations in Nepalese Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (186) ◽  
Author(s):  
U K Sharma ◽  
K Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Mr Venography ◽  
Internal Cerebral Vein ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Vein Of Labbé ◽  
Basal Vein Of Rosenthal

Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) venography is considered a reliable imaging modality for the evaluation of intracranial venous system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal venous anatomy and its variations in Nepalese population using low fi eld MR technique.  Methods: One hundred patients with normal MR imaging of brain underwent MR venographic study. MR venograms were performed in 0.35 T MR scanner using a contiguous 2D time-of–fl ight MR angiographic technique.  Results: The fl ow gaps in the transverse sinus were seen in 47% of population, of which 91% occurred in the non-dominant side. Right transverse sinus was dominant in 73% population. Flow gap was observed in bilateral transverse sinus in one case, while it was seen in the dominant right transverse sinus in 6.3% population. Inferior sagittal sinus was observed in 11% cases. Internal cerebral vein was seen in 60 cases. Occipital sinus was observed in 4% of the cases. The basal vein of Rosenthal was observed in 34% of the cases, whereas vein of Labbe seen in 8% cases. Unilateralfl ow gap in the sigmoid sinus was seen in 5 cases.  Conclusions: MR angiography done at low fi eld MR unit is a reliable tool in cerebral venous sinus assessment, particularly major dural sinuses. The fl ow gaps in transverse sinus are frequently encountered anatomic variation. Visualization of small veins like inferior sagittal sinus, basal vein of Rosenthal, vein of Labbe, internal cerebral vein was inferior in our study compared to other studies done in high fi eld MR unit.  Keywords: Dural sinus, intracranial veins, MR venography.

scholarly journals Peptidergic Innervation in the Cerebral Blood Vessels of the Guinea Pig: An Immunohistochemical Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Nakakita
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers containing substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the cerebral arteries and veins of the guinea pig was studied using immunohistochemical techniques. The ultrastructure of these immunoreactive nerve terminals was also compared. The cerebral arteries were innervated by abundant peptidergic nerve fibers with characteristic running patterns, i.e., SP fibers in a meshwork, VIP and NPY fibers in a spiral fashion. Only CGRP fibers showed both meshwork and spiral patterns. In the cerebral veins, the abundant SP fibers innervated the cortical veins, deep cerebral veins, and dural sinuses. However, CGRP, VIP, and NPY fibers in extremely low density were noted merely in the cortical veins. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that SP-immunoreactive nerve terminals existed apart from the arterial smooth muscle cells, while VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive nerve terminals adjoined them. As for CGRP nerve terminals, some existed close to the arterial smooth muscle cells, and others were found some distance from them. These morphological characteristics observed by light and electron microscopy suggest that SP fibers are not related directly to the vasomotor function, but VIP and NPY fibers are, and that CGRP fibers have a more complicated function. The distribution patterns of the peptidergic nerve fibers are consistent with the suggestion that vasomotor peptidergic fibers may function actively on cerebral arteries and passively on cerebral veins and that SP fibers regarded as sensory fibers may provide information regarding cerebral vascular conditions, innervating every part of both cerebral arteries and veins.

scholarly journals Arteriovenous Fistula After Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Low Qin Jian ◽  
Cheo Seng Wee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Venous Infarction ◽  
Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Cortical Vein Thrombosis

Thrombosis of the deep cerebral vein is a rare entity. Thrombosis of cerebral veins or dural sinus obstructs blood drainage from brain tissue, leading to cerebral parenchymal dysfunction and increased venous and capillary pressure with disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Many conditions are associated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Prothrombotic conditions, malignancy, infection and head injury has been reported as risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). Neuroimaging features of CVST include focal areas of oedema or venous infarction, hemorrhagic venous infarction, diffuse brain edema or rarely subarachnoid haemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in combination with magnetic resonance venography is the most informative technique in demonstrating the presence of dural thrombus and cortical vein thrombosis. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2019; 30(1) : 35-37

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Z. M. Yaschyshyn ◽  
S. L. Popel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Z. M. Yaschyshyn ◽  
S. L. Popel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

scholarly journals Risk factors for remote seizure development in patients with cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis

Seizure ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Davoudi ◽  
Kiandokht keyhanian ◽  
Mohammad Saadatnia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Dural Sinus Thrombosis
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