REMOTE FORM OF EDUCATION, AS ONE OF THE METHODS OF IMPROVING MOTIVATION BY STUDENTS OF DISTANCE LEARNING

The development of a modern e-learning system promotes the active introduction of distance education. The organization of a mixed form of education at the department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy involves an education during the session and using the distance contact between faculty and students during the intersessional period. The information technology system of distance learning is provided by personal computers, video and audio equipment. The web-site of the department presents a set of teaching materials, including curriculas, work programs, lecture notes, test assignments, situational tasks, control and individual course work. Distance learning is supplemented with new teaching materials: web lectures, e-learning textbooks and manuals. Lectures are delivered by faculty members in the form of video conferences or webinars. Consultations are conducted in the on-line mode each week at a certain time by the teachers of the department according to the schedule. The website of the department presents methods for implementing practical skills, video stories of individual urgent states on the pathology of internal organs, demonstrates sets of medicines for seven types of first aid kits to improve the students' knowledge and skills, and to successfully pass the practical part of the state certification of graduates from the discipline "Clinical pharmacy".

THE EFFECT OF OINTMENTS WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF SKIN OF GUINEA PIGS EXPOSED TO LOCAL ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION

Considering the particular danger of remote skin reactions to ultraviolet irradiation (UVI), it is advisable to use ointments with antioxidant activity to reduce its negative effect on the skin. The rationale for the choice of ointments with antioxidant activity was the fact that they reduce the damaging effect of ultraviolet radiation in the erythemal and early post-erythemal period. The presence of a regular connection between the development of the early and late periods has given reason to assume the protective effect of ointments on the remote skin reactions. Objective: to study the effect of thiotriazoline ointment and thiotriazoline ointment with silver nanoparticles on the state of the morphological structures of the skin of guinea pigs after local UVI. Material and methods of research. The study involved 132 albino guinea pigs weighing 400-500 g, divided into 4 groups: 1 - intact, 2 - control (guinea pigs subjected to local UVI), 3 and 4 main ones. The third main group included guinea pigs that after UVI were administered thiotriazoline ointment in the treatment and prophylactic regime, the fourth main group included guinea pigs that after UVI were administered thiotriazoline ointment with silver nanoparticles in the same mode as Group 3. Ointments were applied 1 hour before irradiation and daily until erythema disappeared. Ultraviolet erythema was caused by irradiation in 1 minimum erythemal dose. After 2, 4 hours, on the 3rd, 8th, 15th, 21st, 28th day, the fragments of irradiated skin were investigated using histochemical and morphometric methods (fibroblast density and epidermis thickness). Results. Morphological changes in the skin after applying ointments with antioxidant activity were unidirectional. It was revealed that in the early periods after irradiation, thiotrazoline ointment and thiotrazoline ointment with silver nanoparticles do not affect changes in the thickness of the epidermis, but statistically significantly reduce the density of fibroblasts in the dermis on the 3rd day of the experiment compared to the control group. In the later periods, under the influence of thiotriazoline ointment, a gradual decrease in the thickness of the epidermis, which reached the norm by the end of the experiment, was observed. On the 8th day, the maximum density of fibroblasts was recorded, in the subsequent periods of the experiment, the index gradually decreased, which was accompanied by collagenization of the papillary layer in the loci of damage to collagen and elastic fibers detected in 50% of cases. In later times, under the influence of thiotriazoline ointment with silver nanoparticles, the processes of restoring the morphological structures of the skin occurred faster. In parallel with the decrease in the density of fibroblasts in the loci of the previous damage to the collagen and elastic fibers of the papillary layer, thickening of collagen fibers was observed, replacing them with segments of destruction of elastic fibers. In this group, at the end of the experiment, the collagenization locus was small, single, occurring in 16.7% of cases. Conclusions Ointments with antioxidant activity exert a positive effect on the state of morphological structures of the skin, damaged as a result of local UVI, in erythemal and post-erythemic periods. In the early periods after the local UVI, there was a general tendency for the effect of both ointments, as they reduced the density of fibroblasts on the 3rd day, but did not result in complete normalization. In the late period after local UVI , under the influence of thiotriazoline ointment and thiotriazoline ointment with silver nanoparticles, thickness of the epidermis (by 21st and 15th day, respectively) and density of fibroblasts (by the 28th day) decreased to normal while without treatment both indicators exceeded the norm by several times for 28 days of the experiment.

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

THE INTENSITY OF OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS AND PEROXIDATION OF LIPIDS IN THE BLOOD SERUM, BRAIN, LIVER AND PANCREAS TISSUES OF RATS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE AND CONGENITAL IODINE DEFICIENCY

The results of the study about the nature of oxygen-dependent processes in rats that were on a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks under conditions of adequate iodine supply and congenital iodine deprivation is presented in the article. The significant activation of peroxide oxidation of proteins (by increasing the aldo- and keto-derivates of a neutral nature) and lipids (increased of diene conjugates content and products, that are responsible to thiobarbituric acid) of animals with insulin resistance was found. An aggravating factor in the course of these processes is a congenital iodine deficiency. The changes of oxidative modification of proteins in animals with congenital iodine deficiency had multidirectional character, and processes of lipid peroxidation mainly increased. The most pronounced changes of the studied processes were observed in the liver and pancreas of animals with insulin resistance against the background of congenital iodine deficiency.

EFFЕCIIVENESS OF USING NEW METHODS AND METHODS OF LEARNING THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS A FOREIGN IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

The article attempts to identify effective methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language and to base them on the European experience. The most commonly used methods in the European practice of foreign language teaching are characterized: communicative, project, audio-lingual, distance, intensive and blended learning. The advantages of the blended learning system are examined. An interpretation of the term "blended learning" is proposed. The features of the organization of online learning and the structure of blended learning are described. The data of the conducted survey are presented: a) teachers conducting classes in Ukrainian as a foreign language; b) foreign students from different countries. Questionnaire was developed for the survey. The article proposes some tasks for teachers of Ukrainian as a foreign language, commenting on the specifics of different models of blended learning. Based on the results of the survey, the respondents outlined effective methods of teaching a foreign language, identified factors that influence the use of the blended learning model of future doctors when teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. The advantages and prospects of using blended learning in the educational process of a higher medical institution are analyzed. The results of the study strongly suggest that the blended learning model opens up new possibilities for presenting educational material in a new and accessible form for students.

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

EFFЕCIIVENESS OF USING NEW METHODS AND METHODS OF LEARNING THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS A FOREIGN IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

The article attempts to identify effective methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language and to base them on the European experience. The most commonly used methods in the European practice of foreign language teaching are characterized: communicative, project, audio-lingual, distance, intensive and blended learning. The advantages of the blended learning system are examined. An interpretation of the term "blended learning" is proposed. The features of the organization of online learning and the structure of blended learning are described. The data of the conducted survey are presented: a) teachers conducting classes in Ukrainian as a foreign language; b) foreign students from different countries. Questionnaire was developed for the survey. The article proposes some tasks for teachers of Ukrainian as a foreign language, commenting on the specifics of different models of blended learning. Based on the results of the survey, the respondents outlined effective methods of teaching a foreign language, identified factors that influence the use of the blended learning model of future doctors when teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. The advantages and prospects of using blended learning in the educational process of a higher medical institution are analyzed. The results of the study strongly suggest that the blended learning model opens up new possibilities for presenting educational material in a new and accessible form for students.

ATEROSCLEROSIS AND INFLAMMATION: GENERAL PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS

According to modern notions, atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial process in which the mechanisms of development involved endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, dyslipidemia, disorders of the blood coagulation system, and the like. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are a source of biologically active substances that regulate metabolic processes in the body. It is known that during the development of inflammation, biologically active agents are synthesized and accumulated, which both provide a protective function, and play the role of triggers or lead to the development of additional alteration and the formation of pathological systems. Purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to study the functional state of the lipid transport system and to ascertain the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mechanisms of atherosclerosis. The analysis of the functional state of the lipid-transport system of 221 patients with diffuse cardiosclerosis with different nosological forms revealed a disturbance of direct and reverse transport of cholesterol, but with varying degrees of orientation. Significant increase in the content of saturated fatty acids by 7.51% and reduction of unsaturated. Reducing the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a consequence of increased formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in inflammatory processes of the vascular wall, and indicates a disbalance in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. The deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acid cells for many years models the high potential of endothelial dysfunction, which can be a pathogenetic mechanism not only for atherosclerotic lesions, but also for inflammation of the vessels. Conclusion. The recognition of atherogenesis as an active process rather than a cholesterol storage disease has highlighted some key inflammatory mechanisms. In our opinion, the local violation of the transport of lipids in the tissue is at the heart of the atherosclerotic lesion of the vascular wall, which develops irrespective of inflammation in the vessel wall, but substantially potentiates them due to the action of inflammatory mediators.

THE PHENOMEN DIGNITARY OF THE NATION IAKOV MAKOGІN

Galichanin from Lviv region in the search of better fate it turns out abroad ocean gets american citizenship and passes military units elite units american army. To meate with pure american girl Syusann wihich fall in love handsome, healthy, clever and well-bread Ukrainian boy. Girl is the only one daughter one the richest one of the most rich american. Demobilization after 15 years service in the marine corps – there lound wedding. Get’s direct ucces to father’s money, new part of family throught many years uses then not for future enrichment or comfort but for solution of the older "Ukrainian question" in the most dramatic period stays Ukrainian AVG consisting of Soviet imperia. That which is done abroad to the call of the heart this ukrainian boy can outmatch a work complex embassy a big country.

ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK IN THE VERTEBRAL-BASILAR SYSTEM

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the vertebral-basilar system (VBS) is characterized by an acute onset of focal neurological symptoms due to short-term local ischemia of the brain. According to various authors, temporary neurological manifestations of circulatory insufficiency in VBS can progress to complete stroke within 2-5 years in 30-50% of patients, leading to disability of about 80% of patients. Its diagnosis is associated with some difficulties due to the variability of clinical manifestations, clinical similarity with other diseases and, as a consequence, incorrect therapeutic tactics. The aim of the study was to investigate changes of endothelial function in TIA in VBS by determining the levels of homocysteine (HC) and vascular endothelial growth factor (WEGF) at different stages of neurological deficiency (ND). 78 patients with TIA in VBS were examined. The questionnaire developed by us was used to determine the stage of ND in TIA. The level of HC was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. WEGF was determined using the "sandwich" method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the group of patients with stage I ND, a tendency to HC increase in 1.1 times was detected compared with almost healthy persons (AHP), stage II - HC increased in 1.5 times (p <0.05), and stage III - in 1.9 times (p <0.05). Also significant difference (1.8 times) was revealed at stage III compared to the index of stage I (p <0.05). WEGF at the 1st stage of ND significantly increased in 1,7 times in comparison with AHP (p <0.05), at the 2nd stage there was a tendency to increase (in 1.2 times), at the 3d stage there was a significant increase in WEGF in comparison with AHP (in 2.9 times) (p <0.05), and compared with indicators of I (in 1.8 times) (p <0.05) and II stages (2.6 times) (p <0 , 05). We have shown that TIA in VBS is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction (increase in HC and WEGF), which is more pronounced with aggravation of the ND. To evaluate the prognosis of the disease, we recommend using a questionnaire for determination the stage of ND in TIA in VBS and to identify markers of endothelial function such as HC and WEGF.