scholarly journals Responses of Isolated Feline and Human Cerebral Arteries to Prostacyclin and Some of its Metabolites

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Uski ◽  
Karl-Erik Andersson ◽  
Lennart Brandt ◽  
Lars Edvinsson ◽  
Bengt Ljunggren
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Pial Arteries ◽  
Contractile Effect ◽  
Resting Tension ◽  
As Species ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries

The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) were studied in isolated cat basilar and middle cerebral arteries and in human pial arteries. In feline vessels with low resting tension, PGI2 had a contractile effect that reached a maximum of 132% (basilar artery) and 23% (middle cerebral artery) of the potassium-induced (127 m M) contraction. In potassium-contracted feline vessels, PGI2 caused a further contraction. When these vessels were contracted by PGF2α, PGI2 induced relaxation, which was most marked in the middle cerebral artery. PGI2 consistently relaxed the middle cerebral artery contracted by the prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U-44069, whereas the basilar artery was almost unaffected. In human pial arteries with low resting tension, PGI2 had no effects in concentrations below 10−6 M, whereas higher concentrations induced contractions. In potassium-contracted (35 or 127 m M) preparations, PGI2 in concentrations below 10−6 M produced relaxation; in higher concentrations further contraction was induced. Human pial arteries contracted by PGF2α, U-44069, noradrenaline, or 5-hydroxytryptamine consistently relaxed in response to PGI2 (< 10−6 M). The PGI2 metabolite 6-keto-PGE1 had effects similar to those of PGI2, but proved to be less potent on human pial vessels. 6-Keto-PGF1α was ineffective, whereas 6, 15-diketo-PGF1α had minor relaxant effects. The results suggest that consideration must be given to regional as well as species differences concerning the cerebrovascular effects of PGI2.

scholarly journals Transcranial Doppler Enhanced Thrombolysis for Embolic Occlusion of Major Cerebral Arteries

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
T. Yamanome ◽  
M. Sasoh ◽  
Y. Kubo ◽  
Y. Nishikawa ◽  
H. Endoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Haemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Good Outcome

For the treatment of 11 patients with hyperacute embolic occlusion of major cerebral arteries (ten with occlusion of middle cerebral artery and one with occlusion of basilar artery), TCD-enhanced thrombolysis (TCDET) was performed in combination with ultrasound irradiation, using diagnostic transcranial Doppler (TCD) (TC2-64B: 2MHz, 100mW/cm2, pulsed wave) (TCDET group), and the effectiveness of this procedure was compared with that of local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF) in 45 patients with embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (LIF group). Regarding dose of TPA, the LIF group used 1046.7 ± 607.8 units and the TCDET group 700.0 ± 431.3 units (p < 0.05). Regarding time technically required to attain recanalization, the LIF group required 68.2 minutes, and the TCDET group 28.6 minutes. A good outcome was noted in 60.8% of the LIF group and 64% of the TCDET group. Haemorrhagic transformation was observed in 7.8% of the LIF group and in 0% of the TCDET group. No complications due to TCD irradiation were observed in the TCDET group. These findings suggest that TCDET can be an effective method of achieving recanalization.

Veränderungen zerebrovaskulärer Perfusionsindices nach Karotis-Thrombendarterektomie

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müller ◽  
Behnke ◽  
Walter
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Hyperperfusion Syndrome ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Patients At Risk

Background: To study the pattern of cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral resistance changes after carotid endarterectomy. Patients and methods: In 81 patients (mean age ± SD, 64 ± 8 years) with unilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA) the systolic, diastolic and mean blood velocities, and the pulsatility index (PI) were recorded in both middle cerebral arteries preoperatively and repetitively postoperatively with the use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). Results: In the middle cerebral artery ipsilateral to CEA mean blood velocity was increased 6 hours (64 ± 25 cm/sec; p < 0.005) and 7 days (54 ± 15 cm/sec; p < 0.05) after CEA and had returned to the preoperative level (49 ± 11 cm/sec) after 3 months. Compared to preoperatively (0.86 ±. 22), the PI was significantly increased at 6 hours examination (1.03 ±. 23, p < 0.005), and remained increased thereafter. A pathologically increased mean blood velocity (> 83 cm/sec) 6 hours after CEA occurred in 11 patients, two of them developed a slight hyperperfusion syndrome. In the contralateral middle cerebral artery, only the diastolic blood velocity showed significant changes (preoperatively, 35 ± 12 cm/sec; 3 months after CEA, 33 ± 8 cm/sec; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Using TCD, hemodynamic changes occur predominantly in the middle cerebral arteries ipsilateral to CEA. Early postoperative TCD studies may be of help to identify patients at risk to develop a hyperperfusion syndrome.

Stimulation of α2Adrenoceptors Dilates the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Bryan ◽  
M. Y. Eichler ◽  
M. W. G. Swafford ◽  
T. D. Johnson ◽  
M. S. Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background Because alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists are used as adjuncts to anesthetics, their effects on the cerebrovascular circulation are of prime importance. We studied changes in the diameter of rat middle cerebral arteries after stimulation of alpha 2 adrenoceptors with UK14,304. Methods Rat middle cerebral arteries were isolated, cannulated at each end with a glass micropipette, and pressurized to 85 mmHg. The middle cerebral arteries were immersed in a bath (37 degrees C) containing physiologic saline solution, and luminally perfused with physiologic saline solution (100 microliters/ min). Changes in vessel diameter were measured after magnification with a microscope. Results Resting diameter of the middle cerebral arteries was 239 +/- 13 microns (n = 8) for the first study. A dose-dependent dilation was produced by addition of UK14,304 to the extraluminal bath; a 10-15% increase in diameter occurred at a concentration of 10(-4)M. The dilations produced by UK14,304 were blocked with selective alpha 2-antagonists, idazoxan and rauwolscine, but not by the selective alpha 1-antagonist, prazosin. The dilations could be blocked by removal of the endothelium, or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10(-5) M). The inhibitory effects of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester were reversed with the addition of 10(-3) M L-arginine, but not 10(-3) M D-arginine. Furthermore the dilation produced by UK14,304 was completely abolished with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml). Conclusions It was concluded that the stimulation of alpha 2 adrenoceptors with UK14,304 produced a dilation in the rat middle cerebral artery that (1) was dependent on intact endothelium, (2) involved nitric oxide, and (3) acted via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.

scholarly journals Cerebral haemodynamics in early puerperium: A prospective study

Ultrasound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Anzola ◽  
R Brighenti ◽  
M Cobelli ◽  
A Giossi ◽  
S Mazzucco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Mean Flow Velocity

Aim Prospective study on 900 consecutive puerperae to assess normal values and range of the blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery in both hemispheres. Material and method M1 and M2 segments of both middle cerebral arteries were assessed in all subjects within 96 hours of delivery. Mean flow velocity was recorded after adjusting for insonation angle. Lindegaard index (LI = middle cerebral artery–Internal Carotid Artery mean flow velocity ratio) was calculated whenever the mean flow velocity exceeded 100 cm/second. Asymmetry indexes were calculated inter hemispherically for M1 and M2 segments separately. Results Mean flow velocities were 74 ± 17 and 72 ± 17 in right and 73 ± 17 and 72 ± 17 cm/second in the left M1 and M2, respectively. A total of 136 subjects (12.1%) exceeded the threshold of 100 cm/second, but LI was consistently <3 in all of them. Mean flow velocity was inversely and independently correlated to haemoglobin levels and to parity. Mean asymmetry indexes were 0.25 ± 23 in M1 and 0.45 ± 25 in M2. Conclusion Mean flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery of healthy subjects in early puerperium is higher than in age-matched non-puerperal women and may exceed the threshold of 100 cm/second with no evidence of intracranial spasm, because of blood loss during delivery. Mean flow velocity is independently correlated with parity. Right-to-left mean flow velocity asymmetry may reach 50% as a consequence of a transient imbalance in vascular tone regulation.

Clinical and Radiological Features of Patients With Aplastic or Twiglike Middle Cerebral Arteries

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1472-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Sun Seo ◽  
Yoon-Soo Lee ◽  
Hyuk-Gee Lee ◽  
Jeong-Ho Lee ◽  
Kee-Young Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Indirect Revascularization ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Normal Embryonic Development ◽  
Arterial Anomalies

Abstract BACKGROUND: An aplastic or twiglike middle cerebral artery (Ap/T-MCA) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly related to interference in the normal embryonic development of the MCA. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiological features of patients with an Ap/T-MCA. METHODS: A total of 1749 conventional cerebral angiography procedures were performed in 1282 patients from January 2005 to July 2011 at Daegu Fatima Hospital. The images were evaluated for cerebral arterial anomalies. The radiological features of an Ap/T-MCA, coexisting anomalies, and clinical manifestations were recorded. These prospectively maintained databases were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Ap/T-MCAs were found in 15 patients (1.17% angiographic incidence). The anomalies were confined to unilateral M1 segment, and no stenoses were seen in the adjacent major arteries. Of 15 patients, 6 (40%) had hemorrhagic strokes, 5 (33.3%) had ischemic strokes, and 4 (26.7%) had no symptoms. Aneurysms were found in 5 patients (33.3%). Coexisting cerebral arterial anomalies were seen in 12 patients (80%). Ten patients underwent conservative treatments, and the remaining 5 underwent surgical treatments, such as hematoma aspiration, indirect revascularization, and clipping or coiling of aneurysms. CONCLUSION: An Ap/T-MCA is a rare anomaly and should be differentiated from moyamoya conditions and degenerative steno-occlusive diseases of the middle cerebral artery. Coexisting anomalies of the anterior or middle cerebral arteries are frequent. This anomaly is vulnerable to both hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes.

scholarly journals Impaired Vascular Reactivity of Isolated Rat Middle Cerebral Artery after Cortical Spreading Depression in Vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Seitz ◽  
Ulrich Dirnagl ◽  
Ute Lindauer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cortical Spreading Depression ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Isolated Rat

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is accompanied by hyperemia followed by long-lasting hypoperfusion and impaired cerebrovascular reactivity. The authors show that vasodilation to extraluminal acidosis (pH 7.0) and increased concentrations of extraluminal potassium (12, 20, 40 mmol/L) was significantly reduced in isolated rat middle cerebral arteries after CSD in vivo before the artery was isolated, compared with sham-operated controls. Application of 80-mmol/L potassium induced vasoconstriction after CSD. Therefore, the impairment of vascular reactivity after CSD in vivo occurs, at least in part, at the vascular level itself.

scholarly journals Systematization, distribution, and territories of the caudal cerebral artery on the surface of the brain in nutria (Myocastor coypus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-492
Author(s):  
Laura V. Goltz ◽  
Rodrigo C. Azambuja ◽  
Rui Campos
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Choroidal Artery ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT: The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a medium-sized, semi-aquatic rodent valued by the skin and meat industry. This study aimed to describe and systematize the caudal cerebral artery on the brain surface in nutria, establishing a standard model and its main variations in this species. The thirty animals used were euthanized according to animal welfare rules. The vessels were filled with latex stained with red pigment and the samples were fixed in formaldehyde. In nutria, the brain was vascularized by the vertebral basilar system. The terminal branches of the basilar artery originated the rostral cerebellar, caudal cerebral, rostral choroidal and middle cerebral arteries, and its terminal branch, the rostral cerebral artery. The terminal branch of the basilar artery projected the caudal cerebral artery, which is usually a single medium-caliber vessel, into the transverse fissure of the brain. The caudal cerebral artery was presented as a single (66.7% of the cases to the right and 76.7% to the left) and double vessel (33.3% of the cases to the right and 23.3% to the left). It originated the rostral mesencephalic artery, the proximal component, and the caudal inter-hemispheric artery. The terminal branches of the rostral and caudal tectal mesencephalic arteries formed a typical anastomotic network. The caudal inter-hemispheric artery emitted central branches, the caudal choroidal artery, hemispherical occipital arteries, rostral tectal mesencephalic branches and distal components, and anastomosed “in osculum” with the terminal branches of the rostral inter-hemispheric artery. The caudal choroidal artery anastomosed with the rostral choroidal artery, where it branched out on the thalamic mass, vascularizing all diencephalic structures and the hippocampus. The caudal cerebral artery and its terminal branches anastomosed with the terminal branches of the rostral and middle cerebral arteries in a restricted region of the caudal pole of the cerebral hemisphere. The vascularization area of the caudal cerebral artery and its central branches in the paleopallial of the piriform lobe is extremely restricted, caudomedially.

P2 purinoceptor-mediated dilations in the rat middle cerebral artery after ischemia-reperfusion

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. H33-H41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Marrelli ◽  
Andrei Khorovets ◽  
T. David Johnson ◽  
William F. Childres ◽  
Robert M. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Calcium Activated Potassium Channels

Endothelial-mediated dilations to selective P2Y1 and P2Y2 purinoceptor agonists [2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate (2MeS-ATP) and uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP), respectively] were evaluated in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of rats after 2 h of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion (I/R). MCAs were harvested, pressurized to 85 mmHg, and luminally perfused. 2MeS-ATP, which dilates by the synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO), had significantly reduced maximum dilations following I/R. Reduced smooth muscle sensitivity to NO may explain the reduced dilation to 2MeS-ATP. In contrast, the dilations elicited by UTP were potentiated in that the concentration of agonist necessary to produce one-half of the maximum dilation was reduced by 75%. The potentiated dilation to UTP was the result of an endothelial factor having all the characteristics of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). That is, it was neither NO nor a cyclooxygenase metabolite, and its actions involved calcium-activated potassium channels and smooth muscle hyperpolarization. We conclude that the effect of I/R on endothelial-mediated dilations depends on the receptor system and the mechanism of dilation. Dilations elicited by 2MeS-ATP were attenuated, while dilations UTP were potentiated due to the upregulation of the EDHF mechanism.

scholarly journals Peroxynitrite Reduces Vasodilatory Responses to Reduced Intravascular Pressure, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, and Cromakalim in Isolated Middle Cerebral Arteries

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. DeWitt ◽  
Babu P. Mathew ◽  
Jennifer M. Chaisson ◽  
Donald S. Prough
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

Vasodilatory responses to progressive reductions in intravascular pressure or to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or cromakalim were determined in rodent middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) before and after treatment with peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Middle cerebral artery diameters in isolated, pressurized MCAs were measured as intravascular pressure was reduced from 100 to 20 mm Hg in 20-mm Hg increments before and after inactive ONOO−, pH-adjusted ONOO−, or 10, 20, or 40 μmol/L ONOO− was added to the bath. In other MCAs, responses to CGRP (1 × 10−9 −5 × 10−8) or cromakalim (3 × 10−8 −8 × 10−7) were measured before and after the addition of 25 μmol/L ONOO−. Inactive ONOO− (n = 6, P = 0.40), pH-adjusted ONOO− (n = 6, P = 0.29), and 10 μmol/L ONOO− (n = 6, P = 0.88) did not reduce vasodilatory responses to reduced intravascular pressure. Middle cerebral arteries treated with 20 (n = 6, P < 0.0001) and 40 (n = 6, P > 0.0001) μmol/L ONOO− constricted significantly when intravascular pressure was reduced. Vasodilatory responses to CGRP or cromakalim were reduced by ONOO− ( P > 0.02, n = 6 and P > 0.01, n = 7, respectively). ONOO− had no effect on vasoconstriction in response to serotonin or vasodilation in response to KCl. These studies demonstrate that ONOO− reduces multiple cerebral vasodilatory responses.

scholarly journals Diffusion- and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging Mismatch Correlates With Collateral Circulation and Prognosis After Middle Cerebral Artery M1-Segment Occlusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Xu ◽  
Zhenhua Tong ◽  
Yang Duan ◽  
Dengxiang Xing ◽  
Hongyan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Susceptibility Weighted Imaging ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Objective: To explore the relation between diffusion-weighted and susceptibility weighted imaging (DWI-SWI) mismatch and collateral circulation or prognosis in patients with occluded M1 segments of middle cerebral artery (MCA).Methods: We enrolled 59 patients with MCA M1-segment occlusion for a retrospective review of baseline clinical and imaging data. As markers of circulatory collaterals, prominent laterality of posterior (PLPCA) and anterior (PLACA) cerebral arteries on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) studies and a hyperintense vessel sign (HVS) on T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were collectively scored. The extent of acute cerebral infarction was then quantified on DWI, using the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (DWI-ASPECTS). Hypointensity vessel sign prominence (PVS) was also evaluated by SWI and similarly scored (SWI-ASPECT) to calculate DWI-SWI mismatch [(DWI-ASPECTS) – (SWI-ASPECTS)], ranging from −10 to 10 points.Results: DWI-SWI mismatch showed significant associations with PLPCA, PLACA, HVS prominence, and collective collateral scores (all, p &lt; 0.05). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), DWI-SWI mismatch, and DWI-ASPECTS also differed significantly according to patient prognosis (good vs. poor) after MCA M1-segment occlusion (p &lt; 0.05). In binary logistic regression analyses, NIHSS and DWI-SWI mismatch emerged as independent prognostic factors (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: Collateral circulation may be an important aspect of DWI-SWI mismatch, which in this study correlated with prognostic outcomes of MCA M1-segment occlusion.

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