scholarly journals Detection of Thirty-Second Cognitive Activations in Single Subjects with Positron Emission Tomography: A New Low-Dose H215O Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Three-Dimensional Imaging Technique

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Silbersweig ◽  
Emily Stern ◽  
Christopher D. Frith ◽  
Connie Cahill ◽  
Leonard Schnorr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Single Subjects

Positron emission tomography regional CBF (rCBF) studies of cognitive processes have traditionally required 30–60 mCi of H215O per scan and intersubject averaging to achieve statistical significance. However, intersubject anatomical, functional, and disease variability can make such an approach problematic. A new method that produces significant results in single subjects is presented. It is based upon high-sensitivity three-dimensional imaging and a “slow” bolus administration of >15 mCi of H215O per scan. The method is validated in four normal volunteers using control and auditory-language activation tasks with four scans per condition and statistical parametric mapping analysis. It is demonstrated that the rCBF distribution associated with the cognitive state is detected during the arrival of radiotracer in the brain. This occurs over 30 s and constitutes a critical temporal window during which stimulation should be performed. A 90-s acquisition time is found to produce results of greater significance than a 60-s acquisition time. The implications of the results and the functional neuroanatomical findings are discussed. This method is suitable for the study of individual functional neuroanatomy in many neuropsychological, pharmacologic, and symptom states in normal subjects and in patients with psychiatric and neurologic disorders.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Flow Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 1316-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Ruggles ◽  
Bi Yao Zhang ◽  
Spero M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
Positron Emission

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) produces a three dimensional spatial distribution of positron-electron annihilations within an image volume. Various positron emitters are available for use in aqueous, organic and liquid metal flows. Preliminary experiments at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) injected small flows of PET tracer into a bulk water flow in a four rod bundle. The trajectory and diffusion of the tracer in the bulk flow were then mapped using a PET scanner. A spatial resolution of 1.4 mm is achieved with current preclinical Micro-PET imaging equipment resulting in 200 MB 3D activity fields. A time resolved 3-D spatial activity profile was also measured. The PET imaging method is especially well suited to complex geometries where traditional optical methods such as LDV and PIV are difficult to apply. PET methods are uniquely useful for imaging in opaque fluids, opaque pressure boundaries, and multiphase studies. Several commercial and shareware Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes are currently used for science and engineering analysis and design. These codes produce detailed three dimensional flow predictions. The models produced by these codes are often difficult to validate. The development of this experimental technique offers a modality for the comparison of CFD outcomes with experimental data. Developed data sets from PET can be used in verification and validation exercises of simulation outcomes.

The functional neuroanatomy of anxiety: a study of three disorders using positron emission tomography and symptom provocation

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Rauch ◽  
Cary R. Savage ◽  
Nathaniel M. Alpert ◽  
Alan J. Fischman ◽  
Michael A. Jenike
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Positron Emission

Positron Emission Tomography: Clinical Applications and Pharmaceutical Care

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hammes ◽  
John W. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Positron Emission

Positron emission tomography {PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which exploits the unique physical characteristics of radionuclides that decay by positron emission. These characteristics allow for in vivo quantitative measurement of three-dimensional distributions of radioactivity with a spatial resolution of 5 mm using current detector technology. In addition to these physical advantages, PET is the only imaging technique that can use the short-lived positron emitting radionuclides of the so-called “organic” elements: carbon (C-11), nitrogen (N-13), and oxygen (0–15). These elements are the building blocks of physiological compounds and can be used to study most enzymes, receptors, and other metabolically important compounds and their associated reactions. PET allows for the study of a variety of physiological and biochemical processes through the application of particular radiopharmaceuticals. PET has also been used to study the interaction of receptor-specific ligands in several receptor systems including dopaminergic, adrenergic, serotinergic, and opiod. C-11 and F-18 labeled receptor ligands have been used to study receptor selectivity and receptor concentrations in vivo. Recently, PET has been used to measure the pharmacokinetics of several novel antibiotics in humans allowing the direct measurement of tissue concentrations and correlation with classical pharmacokinetic parameters. This review discusses some of the current applications of PET in more detail.

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