scholarly journals A taxonomy for consistent handling of conditions not related to the spinal cord injury (SCI) in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI)

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Rupp ◽  
Christian Schuld ◽  
Fin Biering-Sørensen ◽  
Kristen Walden ◽  
Gianna Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Consensus Process ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Standardized Documentation ◽  
Sum Scores

Abstract Study design Committee consensus process including additional structured feedback from spinal cord injury (SCI) experts attending a focus group workshop. Objectives To define a taxonomy for standardized documentation of non-SCI-related conditions in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI). Setting Americal Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) International Standards Committee with 16 international ISNCSCI experts. Methods With the new taxonomy, not-normal sensory or motor scores should be tagged with an asterisk (“*”), if they are impacted by a non-SCI condition such as burns, casts, joint contractures, peripheral nerve injuries, amputations, pain, or generalized weakness. The non-SCI condition and instructions on how to handle the “*”-tagged scores during classification should be detailed in the comments box. While sum scores are always calculated based on examined scores, classification variables such as the neurological level of injury (NLI) or the ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grades are tagged with an “*”, when they have been determined on the basis of clinical assumptions. Results With the extended “*”-tag concept, sensory and motor examination results impacted by non-SCI conditions above, at, or below the NLI can be consistently documented, scored, and classified. Feedback from workshop participants confirms agreement on its clinical relevance, logic and soundness, easiness of understanding, communicability, and applicability in daily work. Conclusions After multiple internal revisions, a taxonomy for structured documentation of conditions superimposed on the impairments caused by the SCI together with guidelines for consistent scoring and classification was released with the 2019 ISNCSCI revision. This taxonomy is intended to increase the accuracy of ISNCSCI classifications.

scholarly journals Classification challenges of the 2019 revised International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kirshblum ◽  
Mary Schmidt Read ◽  
Rüdiger Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
International Expert ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Study design Retrospective review of ISNCSCI datasets. Objectives To discuss the correct classification of ISNCSCI datasets considered as challenging. Setting International expert collaboration. Methods The International Standards Committee of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) receives challenging case scenarios regarding the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). Among those cases received, sample cases representing different categories of typical classification difficulties were identified by members of the International Standards committee. Results From the cases received, five sample cases were identified as representative for publication. These cases are related to the correct classification in the presence of non-SCI related conditions, the determination of motor zones of partial preservation in regions with no myotomes to test, the classification of the ASIA Impairment Scale in patients with substantial motor function below the motor level but no sacral sparing, the inclusion of non-key muscle functions in the classification of sensory incomplete individuals, and the correct classification of individuals with an amputation. Conclusion Presenting cases with challenging classifications, along with responses and explanations, will serve spinal cord injury professionals to better understand and utilize the ISNCSCI classification. As the ISNCSCI endorsed by ASIA and the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS) evolves over time, such resources are important to clarify inquiries from the spinal cord injury community and to understand the rationale for revisions.

scholarly journals International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injuries (ASIA/ISNCSCI scale, revised 2015) 67

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei V Vissarionov ◽  
Alexei G Baindurashvili ◽  
Irina A Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
International Standards ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Important Challenge

Standardization of neurological examination and diagnosis in the case of spinal injury is currently an important challenge in neurotraumatology. At present, most organizations, worldwide, that are involved with spinal injuries, apply the International Standards for Neurological Classifications of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), drafted by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and approved in 1992. The ASIA/ISNCSCI scale is a quantitative system for estimation of the neurological status of spinal cord injury patients. The ASIA/ISNCSCI scale has been repeatedly updated and revised since 1992. The 2015 version of the ISNCSCI on the American Spinal Injury Association website is demonstrated in this study, and the form and testing instruction are translated into Russian.

scholarly journals Independência funcional de crianças de um a quatro anos com mielomeningocele

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Fabiane Ramos Ferreira ◽  
Fernanda Pinheiro Bexiga ◽  
Vivian Vargas de Moraes Martins ◽  
Francis Meire Favero ◽  
Cristina Dallemole Sartor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
International Standards ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Santa Cecilia

RESUMO A mielomeningocele é causada por defeito no fechamento do tubo neural. A doença representa a segunda causa de deficiência crônica no aparelho locomotor em crianças. A independência funcional depende do nível da lesão medular e sua avaliação é importante para a determinação de abordagens terapêuticas adequadas. O objetivo foi descrever a independência funcional e o nível de lesão de 15 crianças de seis meses a quatro anos com lesão medular completa causada por mielomeningocele. Foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo transversal nas Universidades Ibirapuera e Santa Cecília. O Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - PEDI) foi aplicado com os pais, para avaliação da independência funcional nas atividades de vida diária das crianças. A escala de Padrões Internacionais para Classificação Neurológica de Lesão da Medula Espinhal da Associação Americana de Lesão Medular (International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury of the American Spinal Injury Association) foi utilizada para determinar o nível motor e sensitivo da lesão. Foram avaliados seis meninos e nove meninas (27,0±11,8 meses de idade). Três crianças apresentaram lesão torácica, nove apresentaram lesão lombar alta, duas apresentaram lesão lombar baixa e uma apresentou lesão sacral. As pontuações na PEDI variaram de 15 a 60% no domínio autocuidado, de 10 a 15% no domínio mobilidade e de 19 a 58% no domínio função social. Houve grande variabilidade no desempenho funcional de crianças com mielomeningocele, detectada pelos domínios autocuidado e função social da PEDI. As crianças apresentaram grande prejuízo no domínio mobilidade.

scholarly journals PERAN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMGAGING DALAM DIAGNOSIS DAN PROGNOSIS CEDERA MEDULA SPINALIS AKUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhan Eddy Yunus ◽  
Taufik Budianto ◽  
Trifonia Pingkan Siregar ◽  
Thariqah Salamah ◽  
Ramdinal Aviesena Zairinal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
International Standards ◽  
American Spinal Injury Association ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cord Injury

Cedera atau trauma medula spinalis merupakan salah satu jenis cedera yang sering ditemui dan dapat berakibat fatal. Secara klinis, cedera medula spinalis dapat dinilai dengan pemeriksaan fisis terstandar dari International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Patients yaitu panduan American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale atau biasa disebut AIS. Hasil pemeriksaan dari skor AIS yang dihubungkan dengan pemeriksaan MRI untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan menetukan prognosis pasien. Pada kasus ini akan dilaporkan pasien laki-laki usia 20 tahun datang ke IGD rumah sakit dengan keluhan kelemahan keempat anggota gerak setelah mengalami kecelakaan lalu lintas saat sedang mengendarai sepeda motor. Pada pemeriksaan neurologis pasien masih dapat merasakan sedikit sentuhan namun tidak menggerakkan keempat ekstremitas sama sekali. Pemeriksaan X-ray servikal menunjukkan adanya fraktur dislokasi setinggi C5. Pemeriksaan MRI menunjukkan fraktur dislokasi setinggi C5 disertai edema dan perdarahan medula spinalis. Temuan edema dan perdarahan medula spinalis pada pemeriksaan MRI bermanfaat dalam proses diagnosis serta menentukan prognosis pasien dengan cedera medula spinalis akut.   Kata kunci: Cedera medula spinalis, MRI, skor AIS

scholarly journals International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: Cases With Classification Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kirshblum ◽  
F. Biering-Sørensen ◽  
R. Betz ◽  
S. Burns ◽  
W. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for chronic spinal cord injury: A long-term follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Naifeng Kuang ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Yuexia Chen ◽  
Guifeng Liu ◽  
Fan’e Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cell ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Spinal cord injury is a serious disabling condition. Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is one of the most promising treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirty-nine patients with chronic SCI received OEC transplantation and completed long-term follow-up, with a minimum follow-up of 7 years. We assessed sensorimotor function with the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) and autonomic nervous function by the International Standards to document remaining Autonomic Function after Spinal Cord Injury (ISAFSCI), and sympathetic skin responses (SSR). The scores of each group were significantly higher after OECs transplantation than before treatment. SSR latencies were shorter and response amplitudes increased after treatment. Long-term follow-up showed further improvement only in motor function and autonomic function compared with 3 months postoperatively. No complications occurred in any patient during long-term follow-up. The results indicate that the transplantation of OECs in spinal cord restored function without serious side effects.

scholarly journals The Effects of Adding Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation (tSCS) to Sit-To-Stand Training in People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Yazi Al’joboori ◽  
Sarah J. Massey ◽  
Sarah L. Knight ◽  
Nick de N. Donaldson ◽  
Lynsey D. Duffell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Before And After

Spinal cord stimulation may enable recovery of volitional motor control in people with chronic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). In this study we explored the effects of adding SCS, applied transcutaneously (tSCS) at vertebral levels T10/11, to a sit-to-stand training intervention in people with motor complete and incomplete SCI. Nine people with chronic SCI (six motor complete; three motor incomplete) participated in an 8-week intervention, incorporating three training sessions per week. Participants received either tSCS combined with sit-to-stand training (STIM) or sit-to-stand training alone (NON-STIM). Outcome measures were carried out before and after the intervention. Seven participants completed the intervention (STIM N = 5; NON-STIM N = 2). Post training, improvements in International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) motor scores were noted in three STIM participants (range 1.0–7.0), with no change in NON-STIM participants. Recovery of volitional lower limb muscle activity and/or movement (with tSCS off) was noted in three STIM participants. Unassisted standing was not achieved in any participant, although standing with minimal assistance was achieved in one STIM participant. This pilot study has shown that the recruitment of participants, intervention and outcome measures were all feasible in this study design. However, some modifications are recommended for a larger trial.

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