scholarly journals Gut microbial biomarkers for the treatment response in first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia: a 24-week follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuxia Yuan ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Jiajun Jiang ◽  
Yulin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Microbial Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

AbstractPreclinical studies have shown that the gut microbiota can play a role in schizophrenia (SCH) pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis. However, its role in the antipsychotic treatment response is unclear. Here, we present a 24-week follow-up study to identify gut microbial biomarkers for SCH diagnosis and treatment response, using a sample of 107 first-episode, drug-naïve SCH patients, and 107 healthy controls (HCs). We collected biological samples at baseline (all participants) and follow-up time points after risperidone treatment (SCH patients). Treatment response was assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale total (PANSS-T) score. False discovery rate was used to correct for multiple testing. We found that SCH patients showed lower α-diversity (the Shannon and Simpson’s indices) compared to HCs at baseline (p = 1.21 × 10−9, 1.23 × 10−8, respectively). We also found a significant difference in β-diversity between SCH patients and HCs (p = 0.001). At baseline, using microbes that showed different abundance between patients and controls as predictors, a prediction model can distinguish patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.867. In SCH patients, after 24 weeks of risperidone treatment, we observed an increase of α-diversity toward the basal level of HCs. At the genus level, we observed decreased abundance of Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.019) and increased abundance Romboutsia (p = 0.067). Moreover, the treatment response in SCH patients was significantly associated with the basal levels of Lachnoclostridium and Romboutsia (p = 0.005 and 0.006, respectively). Our results suggest that SCH patients may present characteristic microbiota, and certain microbiota biomarkers may predict treatment response in this patient population.

scholarly journals The Role of Butyric Acid in Treatment Response in Drug-Naïve First Episode Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiaoduo Fan ◽  
Xiuxia Yuan ◽  
Lijuan Pang ◽  
Shaohua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

Background: Butyric acid, a major short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), has an important role in the microbiota–gut–brain axis and brain function. This study investigated the role of butyric acid in treatment response in drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia.Methods: The study recruited 56 Chinese Han schizophrenia inpatients with normal body weight and 35 healthy controls. Serum levels of butyric acid were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis at baseline (for all participants) and 24 weeks after risperidone treatment (for patients). Clinical symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for patients at both time points.Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum levels of butyric acid between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.206). However, there was a significant increase in serum levels of butyric acid in schizophrenia patients after 24-week risperidone treatment (p = 0.030). The PANSS total and subscale scores were decreased significantly after 24-week risperidone treatment (p's < 0.001). There were positive associations between baseline serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction ratio of the PANSS total and subscale scores after controlling for age, sex, education, and duration of illness (p's < 0.05). Further, there was a positive association between the increase in serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction of the PANSS positive symptoms subscale scores (r = 0.38, p = 0.019) after controlling for potential confounding factors.Conclusions: Increased serum levels of butyric acid might be associated with a favorable treatment response in drug-naïve, first episode schizophrenia. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.

scholarly journals T119. NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VOLITIVE AND EXPRESSIVE NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS FOR EARLY TREATMENT RESPONSE IN FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS ANTIPSYCHOTIC NAïVE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S276-S276
Author(s):  
Bernardo Haguiara ◽  
Gabriela Koga Tonsig ◽  
Simão Kagan ◽  
Daniel Cavalcante ◽  
Cristiano Noto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Real Life ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
F Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Background Negative symptoms are associated with a range of poor clinical and real-life functioning outcomes in people with schizophrenia. The division of negative symptoms into two separate factors, named “expressive deficits” and “social amotivation” could enable more accurate analysis and the development of new therapeutic tools. We aim to investigate whether the different symptoms that make up the negative dimension at baseline differently predict treatment response in first episode psychosis (FEP) antipsychotic naïve patients. Methods Patients with FEP (n=80), without previous use of antipsychotics, were recruited at an emergency service in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2014 and 2019. Individuals were assessed at admission and after 10 weeks of follow-up. Patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and schizophreniform disorder were included. The diagnosis was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID-I). Patients were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at the baseline and after 10 weeks of treatment. The “expressive deficits” factor was defined as the sum of the six following items of the PANSS: N1 (blunted affect), N3 (poor rapport), N6 (lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation), G5 (mannerisms and posturing), G7 (motor retardation), G13 (disturbance of volition). The “social amotivation” factor was defined as the sum of N2 (emotional withdrawal), N4 (passive/apathetic social withdrawal) and G16 (active social avoidance). To evaluate treatment response, we used the difference between the PANSS score at baseline and after ten weeks of follow-up (delta-PANSS). We performed three linear regressions, one using the “expressive deficits” factor, one using the “social amotivation” factor and another using the total negative symptom score at baseline. Results The mean age was 26.01 years old (SD ± 7.2), and the majority was male (58.75%). “Expressive deficits” (p=0.005, R-squared=0.084, F-test=8.28, β=8.24, df=78), “social amotivation” (p=0.009, R-squared=0,072, F-test=7.14, β=5.59, df=78); and negative symptoms (p=0.002, R-squared=0.105, F-test=10.23, β=9.08, df=78) at baseline behaved similarly in relation to delta-PANSS. All measures of negative symptoms are highly correlated to PANSS total at both time points. Discussion The results were different from our initial hypothesis of worse outcome for patients with higher expressive negative symptoms. We found that negative symptoms overall and both subdomains are highly correlated to PANSS total in acute phase in early stages, what can explain the association to better outcomes with antipsychotic treatment. Longer follow-up can help us to investigate whether differences between the subdomains of negative symptoms can be observed in more stable patients.

scholarly journals The changes of gut microbiota in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients under treatment by SSRIs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Xing ◽  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Background: Recently, several studies reported that transplanting feces from depressed patients could induce depression-like behaviors in mice. In addition, antidepressants not only have antidepressant effects, but also have modulation of the gut microbiota in those animals. Therefore, this study firstly investigated on the changes of gut microbiota in depressed patients under effective antidepressant treatment.Methods: We recruited 30 patients with drug-naive first-episode MDD (Patients group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), and collected their fecal samples to complete 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, the Patients group received individualised treatment with escitalopram with a maximum dose of 20mg/d. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score >50%, a second fecal sample was collected. This was classified as the follow-up group. We then investigated into the differences of gut microbiota between patients (Patients and Follow-up groups) and controls (Control group), the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment, and the potential differences in metabolic functions.Results: A significant difference in gut microbiota abundance was found after escitalopram treatment. The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio significantly decreased in the Follow-up group. After treatment, the species diversity of gut microbiota tended to be back to normal state in Follow-up group. The mainly difference of metabolic function were found as follows: Transport and catabolism, Nervous system, Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.Conclusions: Under escitalopram treatment, the gut microbiota diversity of MDD patients tended to back to normal state. However, several structures and metabolic pathways in microbes remained differences between patients and controls.

scholarly journals The changes of gut microbiota in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients under treatment by SSRIs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Xing ◽  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Background: Recently, several studies reported that transplanting stool from depressed patients could induce depression-like behaviors in mice. In addition, antidepressants presented not only antidepressant effects, but also antibacterial effects in those animals. Therefore, this study firstly investigated on the changes of gut microbiota in depressed patients under effective antidepressant treatment.Methods: We recruited 30 patients with drug-naive first-episode MDD (Patients group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), and collected their stool samples to complete 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, Patients group received 20 mg/d of escitalopram. After the symptoms improved, the feces of Patients group were collected and marked as Follow-up group to complete sequencing for the second time. We then investigated into the differences of gut microbiota between patients (Patients and Follow-up groups) and controls (Control group), the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment, and the potential differences in metabolic functions. Results: A significant difference in gut microbiota abundance was found after escitalopram treatment. The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio significantly decreased in the Follow-up group. After treatment, the species diversity of gut microbiota tended to be back to normal state in Follow-up group. The mainly difference of metabolic function were found as follows: Transport and catabolism, Nervous system, Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.Conclusions: Under escitalopram treatment, the gut microbiota diversity of MDD patients tended to back to normal state. However, several structures and metabolic pathways in microbes remained differences between patients and controls, which might be related to the relapse of MDD.

scholarly journals The changes of gut microbiota in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients under treatment by SSRIs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Xing ◽  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Background: Recently, several studies reported that transplanting stool from depressed patients could induce depression-like behaviors in mice. In addition, antidepressants presented not only antidepressant effects, but also antibacterial effects in those animals. Therefore, this study firstly investigated on the changes of gut microbiota in depressed patients under effective antidepressant treatment.Methods: We recruited 30 patients with drug-naive first-episode MDD (Patients group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), and collected their stool samples to complete 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, Patients group received 15-20 mg/d of escitalopram. After the symptoms improved, the feces of Patients group were collected and marked as Follow-up group to complete sequencing for the second time. We then investigated into the differences of gut microbiota between patients (Patients and Follow-up groups) and controls (Control group), the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment, and the potential differences in metabolic functions. Results: A significant difference in gut microbiota abundance was found after escitalopram treatment. The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio significantly decreased in the Follow-up group. After treatment, the species diversity of gut microbiota tended to be back to normal state in Follow-up group. The mainly difference of metabolic function were found as follows: Transport and catabolism, Nervous system, Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.Conclusions: Under escitalopram treatment, the gut microbiota diversity of MDD patients tended to back to normal state. However, several structures and metabolic pathways in microbes remained differences between patients and controls, which might be related to the relapse of MDD.

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