scholarly journals Sustained effort required to remove pop and sweets from sport

BDJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Richard Dagger

This book aims to develop a unified theory of political obligation and the justification of punishment that takes its bearings from the principle of fair play. Much has been written on each of these subjects, of course, including numerous essays in recent years that approach one or the other topic in fair-play terms. However, there has been no sustained effort to link the two in a fair-play theory of political obligation and punishment. This book undertakes such an effort. This introduction explains why such a theory is an attractive possibility and how the argument for it unfolds in the succeeding chapters.


Author(s):  
Douglas John Casson

This chapter considers how Locke's extensive attack on Robert Filmer in the First Treatise is just one part of his larger political project of recoining a language of probable judgment. The specific arguments that Filmer advances are not as threatening to Locke as Filmer's general appeal to a type of divine certainty based on Scripture. Locke is eager to show that Filmerian certainty is both rationally groundless and politically disastrous. His sustained effort to discredit the patriarchal defense of absolutism is part of an attempt to supplant Filmer's method of justification with a new vocabulary of judgment. By insisting on the distance between the mind of God and the minds of men, Locke can transform Filmer's appeal to divine providence into a call for active and industrious application of limited human faculties.


Author(s):  
Celia Britton

This chapter explores Texaco’s key theme of building new communities, and the polarity between town and country. Britton foregrounds the fictional community’s existence as not only a new community but also one that exists because of sustained effort of will and a collective determination, all of which result in a sense of togetherness. The chapter also discusses the novel’s commentary on creating new forms of social organization and the building of a free, self-sufficient community.


Author(s):  
Nicholas Grant

This chapter traces South African foreign policy responses to the civil rights movement in the United States. It explores how the National Party engaged with the racial politics of the Cold War in an attempt legitimize apartheid to an increasingly sceptical global audience. The National Party did not shy away from challenging negative portrayals of apartheid. In the United States, South African diplomatic officials mounted a systematic propaganda campaign to correct “misconceptions” and present the apartheid system in a positive light. Equating black protest with communist subversion, South African diplomats engaged in a deliberate and sustained effort to defend apartheid in the United States.


Author(s):  
James Goldrick

This chapter by James Goldrick analyzes the Royal Navy's experiences in relation to the submarine force in the Far East during the interwar years. It argues that the story of submarine policy and operational plans for the Far East is a generally consistent one, with the Royal Navy maintaining a substantial commitment, which it nevertheless acknowledged internally being as less than desirable and reinforcing that commitment when it had the resources. It discusses why the activities of the submarine force did not feature significantly in much of the main stream of operational and tactical development. It argues that in fact there was a sustained effort to plan for the effective employment of the submarines and that there was a continuing debate as to the balance which should be struck between purely defensive operations and offensive patrols in Japanese waters, but at all times with recognition of the need to provide for the effective protection of the British facilities in the Far East in the "Period Before Relief."


1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
L. Jansky

In both warm- and cold-acclimated rats, heat production was measured while the animals were at rest and running at maximum sustained effort at temperatures from 30 °C to those giving maximum thermogenesis. In both these groups, the maximum heat production during exercise did not exceed the maximum at rest in extreme cold. Exercise substituted for shivering in warm-acclimated rats and, at temperatures below 10 °C, resulted in hypothermia. Heat derived from exercise added to nonshivering thermogenesis in cold-acclimated rats above −20 °C. Below −20 °C, exercise substituted for shivering as in warm-acclimated rats at higher temperatures, and the rats became hypothermic. Extension of the temperature range for activity by cold acclimation appears to result from development of nonshivering thermogenesis, which, unlike shivering, is not eliminated by exercise.


1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kessler ◽  
Hans J. Markowitsch ◽  
Michael Huber ◽  
Elke Kalbe ◽  
Gerald Weber-luxenburger ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Alan Angell

Abstract This article examines the response to the 1973 coup in Chile. The response was remarkable both in its intensity and duration and in the number of countries which condemned the coup and made efforts to give assistance to those forced into exile. In Britain, the academic community quickly organized to make a sustained effort to give support to those members of Chilean universities who were the victims of the coup. This led to the formation of Academics for Chile, which, thanks to World University Service, led to grants being made to some 900 academics and students from Chile. The development of Latin American studies in several universities in the UK meant that the academic community was well-informed about developments in that country and had close contacts with Chilean academics. Support was widespread amongst universities in the UK and, came not just from the left, but from those who wished to defend academic freedom and democracy.


2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Vanden Auweele ◽  
Filip Boen ◽  
Wanda Schapendonk ◽  
Karen Dornez

This study evaluated the impact of two simple interventions aimed at promoting stair use among female employees at a five-floor worksite. The first intervention involved a “health” sign that linked stair use to health and fitness; it was placed at the junction between the staircase and the elevator. The second intervention involved an additional e-mail sent a week later by the worksite’s doctor, pointing out the health benefits of regular stair use. Stair use increased significantly from 69% at baseline to 77% in the week after the first intervention, 2 (1) = 12.97, p < .001. Moreover, compared with the first intervention, stair use increased significantly to 85% in the week after the second intervention, 2 (1) = 15.58, p < .001. However, stair use decreased to 67% in a follow-up one month after the sign was removed, and was not significantly different from baseline, 2 (1) = 0.41, p = .52. These results suggest that simple and inexpensive interventions such as a health sign in combination with an e-mail sent by the worksite’s doctor can encourage female employees to use the stairs. However, it appears that sustained effort is needed to consolidate these effects.


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