scholarly journals Hypoxia and its therapeutic possibilities in paediatric cancers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bernauer ◽  
Y. K. Stella Man ◽  
Julia C. Chisholm ◽  
Elise Y. Lepicard ◽  
Simon P. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Childhood Cancers ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Paediatric Cancer ◽  
Alternative Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

Abstract In tumours, hypoxia—a condition in which the demand for oxygen is higher than its availability—is well known to be associated with reduced sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and with immunosuppression. The consequences of hypoxia on tumour biology and patient outcomes have therefore led to the investigation of strategies that can alleviate hypoxia in cancer cells, with the aim of sensitising cells to treatments. An alternative therapeutic approach involves the design of prodrugs that are activated by hypoxic cells. Increasing evidence indicates that hypoxia is not just clinically significant in adult cancers but also in paediatric cancers. We evaluate relevant methods to assess the levels and extent of hypoxia in childhood cancers, including novel imaging strategies such as oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preclinical and clinical evidence largely supports the use of hypoxia-targeting drugs in children, and we describe the critical need to identify robust predictive biomarkers for the use of such drugs in future paediatric clinical trials. Ultimately, a more personalised approach to treatment that includes targeting hypoxic tumour cells might improve outcomes in subgroups of paediatric cancer patients.

Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Lesion Detection and Local Staging

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Turkbey ◽  
Peter L. Choyke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prostate Mri ◽  
Local Staging ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Indolent Disease

Dramatic changes in the use of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have occurred in the last decade. The recognition that MRI detects and localizes cancers with reasonable accuracy led to the development of directed biopsies. These image-guided biopsies have a higher sensitivity for clinically significant cancers and a lower sensitivity for indolent disease. Prospective trials provide level 1 evidence supporting the use of prostate MRI. For local staging, while the specificity of prostate MRI is high, its sensitivity is lacking for microscopic extraprostatic extension. Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate MRI promises to bring the diagnostic power of MRI to nonexpert readers and thus further integrate MRI into the diagnostic workup.

Comparison of spinal magnetic resonance imaging and myelography in cancer patients.

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Hagenau ◽  
W Grosh ◽  
M Currie ◽  
R G Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Radicular Pain ◽  
Surface Coil ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Spinal involvement by systemic malignancy is common, and often leads to extradural compression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots by metastases. Rapid, anatomically accurate diagnosis is essential to the successful management of these patients. We compared spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with conventional myelography in a series of 31 cancer patients being evaluated for myelopathy (N = 10), or back/radicular pain (N = 21). All patients were evaluated between April 1985 and July 1986, and underwent both studies within ten days of each other (median, two days). MRI was performed on a 0.5 Tesla Technicare unit with a body surface coil, and results compared with standard contrast myelography. All studies were reviewed separately and in a "blinded" fashion. MRI and myelography were comparable in detecting large lesions that produced complete subarachnoid block (five of ten patients with myelopathy, three of twenty-one patients with back/radicular pain). In 19 of 31 patients, smaller but clinically significant extradural lesions were found. In nine of 19 cases, these lesions were demonstrated equally well by both modalities; in nine of 19 cases, these lesions were demonstrated by myelography alone; in one of 19, a lesion was demonstrated by MRI alone. Given our current technology, myelography appeared superior to MRI as a single imaging modality. However, MRI may be an alternative in patients where total myelography is technically impossible or unusually hazardous.

scholarly journals Prediction Medicine: Biomarkers, Risk Calculators and Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Risk Stratification Tools in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniël Osses ◽  
Monique Roobol ◽  
Ivo Schoots
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Prostate Health

This review discusses the most recent evidence for currently available risk stratification tools in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and evaluates diagnostic strategies that combine these tools. Novel blood biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and 4Kscore, show similar ability to predict csPCa. Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is a urinary biomarker that has inferior prediction of csPCa compared to PHI, but may be combined with other markers like TMPRSS2-ERG to improve its performance. Original risk calculators (RCs) have the advantage of incorporating easy to retrieve clinical variables and being freely accessible as a web tool/mobile application. RCs perform similarly well as most novel biomarkers. New promising risk models including novel (genetic) markers are the SelectMDx and Stockholm-3 model (S3M). Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved as an appealing tool in the diagnostic arsenal with even stratifying abilities, including in the initial biopsy setting. Merging biomarkers, RCs and MRI results in higher performances than their use as standalone tests. In the current era of prostate MRI, the way forward seems to be multivariable risk assessment based on blood and clinical parameters, potentially extended with information from urine samples, as a triaging test for the selection of candidates for MRI and biopsy.

scholarly journals Clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in elite swimmers’ shoulders

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Celliers ◽  
Fekade Gebremariam ◽  
Gina Joubert ◽  
Thami Mweli ◽  
Husain Sayanvala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shoulder Function ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Ac Joint ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Common Clinical Finding

Background: Shoulder pain is the most common and well-documented site of musculoskeletal pain in elite swimmers. Structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of elite swimmers’ symptomatic shoulders are common. Little has been documented about the association between MRI findings in the asymptomatic shoulder versus the symptomatic shoulder.Objective: To assess clinically relevant MRI findings in the shoulders of symptomatic and asymptomatic elite swimmers.Method: Twenty (aged 16–23 years) elite swimmers completed questionnaires on their swimming training, pain and shoulder function. MRI of both shoulders (n = 40) were performed and all swimmers were given a standardised clinical shoulder examination. Results: Both shoulders of 11 male and 9 female elite swimmers (n = 40) were examined. Eleven of the 40 shoulders were clinically symptomatic and 29 were asymptomatic. The most common clinical finding in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders was impingement during internal rotation, with impingement in 54.5% of the symptomatic shoulders and in 31.0% of the asymptomatic shoulders. The most common MRI findings in the symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders were supraspinatus tendinosis (45.5% vs. 20.7%), subacromial subdeltoid fluid (45.5% vs. 34.5%), increased signal in the AC Joint (45.5% vs. 37.9%) and AC joint arthrosis (36.4% vs. 34.5%). Thirty-nine (97.5%) of the shoulders showed abnormal MRI features.Conclusion: MRI findings in the symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders of young elite swimmers are similar and care should be taken when reporting shoulder MRIs in these athletes. Asymptomatic shoulders demonstrate manifold MRI abnormalities that may be radiologically significant but appear not to be clinically significant.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lhermitte-Duclos Disease (Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum)

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph F. Reeder ◽  
Richard L. Saunders ◽  
David W. Roberts ◽  
Jonathan D. Fratkin ◽  
Laurence D. Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Dysplastic Gangliocytoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Significant Mass

ABSTRACT Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a rare disorder characterized by a slowly enlarging mass lesion in the cerebellum. The pathophysiology of the disease is poorly understood, but recent reports have suggested that a clinically significant mass may recur many years after total gross removal of the tumor. Computed tomography and angiography have been relatively insensitive in imaging the tumor either at presentation or during the postoperative period. The authors present three patients with histologically proven Lhermitte-Duclos disease who have undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the first case, preoperative T1- and T2-weighted images clearly demonstrated the location and extent of the lesion, which was verified at operation. In the other two cases, only postoperative images were obtained. These demonstrated the extent of residual tumor and indicate a high probability of lesion expansion during periods of 4 and 10 years, respectively. We conclude that MRI is an important tool in both the diagnosis and the treatment of patients with Lhermitte-Duclos disease.

scholarly journals Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection with various prostate sampling schemes based on different csPCa definitions

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Hanbing Chen ◽  
Caishan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
First Line ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Biopsy Method

Abstract Background Combining targeted biopsy (TB) with systematic biopsy (SB) is currently recommended as the first-line biopsy method by the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) with an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The combined SB and TB indeed detected an additional number of patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa); however, it did so at the expense of a concomitant increase in biopsy cores. Our study aimed to evaluate if ipsilateral SB (ipsi-SB) + TB or contralateral SB (contra-SB) + TB could achieve almost equal csPCa detection rates as SB + TB using fewer cores based on a different csPCa definition. Methods Patients with at least one positive prostate lesion were prospectively diagnosed by MRI. The combination of TB and SB was conducted in all patients. We compared the csPCa detection rates of the following four hypothetical biopsy sampling schemes with those of SB + TB: SB, TB, ipsi-SB + TB, and contra-SB + TB. Results The study enrolled 279 men. The median core of SB, TB, ipsi-SB + TB, and contra-SB + TB was 10, 2, 7 and 7, respectively (P < 0.001). ipsi-SB + TB detected significantly more patients with csPCa than contra-SB + TB based on the EAU guidelines (P = 0.042). They were almost equal on the basis of the Epstein criteria (P = 1.000). Compared with SB + TB, each remaining method detected significantly fewer patients with csPCa regardless of the definition (P < 0.001) except ipsi-SB + TB on the grounds of D1 (P = 0.066). Ten additional subjects were identified with a higher Gleason score (GS) on contra-SB + TB, and only one was considered as significantly upgraded (GS = 6 on ipsi-SB + TB to a GS of 8 on contra-SB + TB). Conclusions Ipsi-SB + TB could acquire an almost equivalent csPCa detection value to SB + TB using significantly fewer cores when csPCa was defined according to the EAU guidelines. Given that there was only one significantly upgrading patient on contra-SB, our results suggested that contra-SB could be avoided.

scholarly journals Incidental Extraspinal Findings in the Thoracic Spine during Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intervertebral Discs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Mogahid M. A. Zidan ◽  
Ikhlas A. Hassan ◽  
Abdelrahaman M. Elnour ◽  
Mustafa Z. Mahmoud ◽  
Mohammed A. Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Thyroid Goiter ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Spine Mri

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the frequency of incidental extraspinal findings in the thoracic spine on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: A total of 120 thoracic spine MRI patients were prospectively examined in the period extending from August 2018 to April 2019. Both 1.5 and 0.35 Tesla MRI systems (Toshiba and Siemens Medical system) were applied to investigate patients with suspected intervertebral disc abnormalities at three MRI diagnostic centers in Khartoum, Sudan. Results: Out of the 120 patients, incidental extraspinal findings were found in 16 patients (13.3%). Various incidental findings (IFs) were seen, including renal cysts, liver mass, thyroid goiter, and pleural effusion. Out of these IFs, 37.5% were considered clinically significant. Conclusions: Various IFs were identified during a routine thoracic spine MRI, and approximately one-third of them were clinically significant. Therefore, it is essential for the reporting radiologists to pay attention to extraspinal findings while reporting thoracic spine MRI to avoid missing clinically significant findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document