A giant NLR gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean

AbstractPhytophthora root and stem rot caused by P. sojae is a destructive soybean soil-borne disease found worldwide. Discovery of genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance to the pathogen is a need to prevent the outbreak of the disease. Here, we show that soybean Rps11 is a 27.7-kb nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR or NLR) gene conferring broad-spectrum resistance to the pathogen. Rps11 is located in a genomic region harboring a cluster of large NLR genes of a single origin in soybean, and is derived from rounds of unequal recombination. Such events result in promoter fusion and LRR expansion that may contribute to the broad resistance spectrum. The NLR gene cluster exhibits drastic structural diversification among phylogenetically representative varieties, including gene copy number variation ranging from five to 23 copies, and absence of allelic copies of Rps11 in any of the non-Rps11-donor varieties examined, exemplifying innovative evolution of NLR genes and NLR gene clusters.

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A giant chimeric NLR gene confers extreme broad-spectrum resistance to a plant pathogen

10.21203/rs.3.rs-654548/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jianxin Ma ◽

Weidong Wang ◽

Liyang Chen ◽

Kevin Fengler ◽

Joy Bolar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Gene Copy Number ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Phytophthora Sojae ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Gene Copy Number Variation ◽

Promoter Fusion ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽

Number Variation

Abstract Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) caused by Phytophthora sojae is the most destructive soybean soil-borne disease worldwide. Discovery of genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance to the pathogen is an urgent need to prevent the outbreak of the disease. Here we show that soybean Rps11 is a 27.7-kb nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR or NLR) gene conferring extreme broad-spectrum resistance to the pathogen. Rps11 is located in a genomic region harboring a cluster of unusually large NLR genes belonging to a single evolutionary lineage that is distinct from all other lineages in the soybean genome, and was derived from rounds of intergenic and intragenic unequal recombination. Such recombination events have resulted in promoter fusion and expansion of the LRR domain that presumably explains such broadness of the resistance spectrum. The NLR gene cluster exhibits drastic structural diversification among phylogenetically representative varieties, including gene copy number variation ranging from five to 23 copies, and absence of allelic copies of Rps11 (i.e., rps11) in any of the non-Rps11-donor varieties examined. Our study thus exemplifies innovative evolution of NLR genes and NLR gene clusters and will accelerate the deployment of Rps11 for soybean protection.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1092307.546722 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg

Keyword(s):

Copy Number Variation ◽

Copy Number ◽

Gene Copy Number ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Amylase Gene ◽

Gene Copy Number Variation ◽

Number Variation

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What a finding of gene copy number variation can add to the diagnosis of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development ◽

10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

Jacob Vorstman ◽

Stephen W Scherer

Keyword(s):

Copy Number Variation ◽

Copy Number ◽

Gene Copy Number ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Gene Copy Number Variation ◽

Number Variation

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Induction of direct repeat recombination by psoralen–DNA adducts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Defects in DNA repair increase gene copy number variation

DNA Repair ◽

10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 87-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wilma A. Saffran ◽

Anam Ahmed ◽

Olga Binyaminov ◽

Cynthia Gonzalez ◽

Amita Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Dna Repair ◽

Copy Number Variation ◽

Dna Adducts ◽

Copy Number ◽

Gene Copy Number ◽

Direct Repeat ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Gene Copy Number Variation ◽

Number Variation

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Genetic variability of CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 among the Egyptian population

Pharmacogenomics ◽

10.2217/pgs-2020-0140 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thuraya M Mutawi ◽

Mohamed M Zedan ◽

Raida S Yahya ◽

Mahmoud M Zakria ◽

Mamdouh R El-Sawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Copy Number Variation ◽

Copy Number ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Gene Copy Number ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Allelic Variants ◽

Gene Copy Number Variation ◽

Number Variation ◽

Study Participants

Aim: This study investigated major allelic variants of CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in Egyptians, an Arabic population for which there is little information regarding these important pharmacogenes. Patients & methods: CYP2D6*2, *4, *5, *10, *41 and gene copy number variation, as well as CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3 were determined with commercially available TaqMan assays in 145 healthy study participants. Results: The CYP2D6 alleles identified suggest that the prevalence of poor metabolizers is low as none were found among the 145 subjects investigated. The frequency for CYP3A5 nonexpressers was 74.5% and the CYP3A4*22 allele frequency was low at 2.0%. Conclusion: These preliminary findings indicate that pharmacogene variation in Egyptians is different from those of other Middle Eastern/Arabic populations and warrants further investigation.

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