The piRNA pathway is essential for generating functional oocytes in golden hamsters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdao Zhang ◽  
Fengjuan Zhang ◽  
Qinghua Chen ◽  
Mingzhe Li ◽  
Xiaolong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functional ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Pirna Pathway

scholarly journals piRNA pathway is essential for generating functional oocytes in golden hamster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdao Zhang ◽  
Fengjuan Zhang ◽  
Jinghua Chen ◽  
Mingzhi Li ◽  
Xiaolong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Generating Functional ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Gene ◽  
Zygotic Gene Activation ◽  
Pirna Pathway

AbstractPiwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small RNAs predominantly expressed in germ cells that are critical for gametogenesis in various species. However, PIWI-deficient female mice are fertile and mouse oocytes express a panel of small RNAs that do not appear widely representative of mammals, and piRNA function in the oogenesis of other mammals has therefore remained elusive. Recent studies revealed the small RNA andPIWItranscriptional profiles in golden hamster oocytes more closely resemble that of humans than mice. Herein, we generatedPIWIL1-,PLD6-andMOV10L1-deficient golden hamsters and found that all female mutants were sterile, with embryos arrested at the two-cell stage. InPIWIL1mutant oocytes, we observed transposon accumulation and broad transcriptomic dysregulation, while zygotic gene activation was impaired in early embryos. Intriguingly, PIWIL1-piRNAs exhibited a unique, preferential silencing of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), whereas silencing LINE1s depended on both PIWIL1- and PIWIL3-piRNAs. Moreover, we showed that piRNAs participate in the degradation of maternal mRNAs in MII oocytes and embryos via partially complementary targets. Together, our findings demonstrate that piRNAs are indispensable for generating functional oocytes in golden hamster, and show the informative value of this model for functional and mechanistic investigations of piRNAs, especially those related to female infertility.

scholarly journals Formation of spermatogonia and fertile oocytes in golden hamsters requires piRNAs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Loubalova ◽  
Helena Fulka ◽  
Filip Horvat ◽  
Josef Pasulka ◽  
Radek Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Helicase ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Pirna Pathway

AbstractPIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) support the germline by suppressing retrotransposons. Studies of the pathway in mice have strongly shaped the view that mammalian piRNAs are essential for male but not for female fertility. Here, we report that the role of the piRNA pathway substantially differs in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), the piRNA pathway setup of which more closely resembles that of other mammals, including humans. The loss of the Mov10l1 RNA helicase—an essential piRNA biogenesis factor—leads to striking phenotypes in both sexes. In contrast to mice, female Mov10l1–/– hamsters are sterile because their oocytes do not sustain zygotic development. Furthermore, Mov10l1–/– male hamsters have impaired establishment of spermatogonia accompanied by transcriptome dysregulation and an expression surge of a young retrotransposon subfamily. Our results show that the mammalian piRNA pathway has essential roles in both sexes and its adaptive nature allows it to manage emerging genomic threats and acquire new critical roles in the germline.

scholarly journals Production of functional oocytes requires maternally expressed PIWI genes and piRNAs in golden hamsters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Hasuwa ◽  
Yuka W. Iwasaki ◽  
Au Yeung Wan Kin ◽  
Kyoko Ishino ◽  
Harumi Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Report Generation ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Genome Defense ◽  
Individual Mouse ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pirna Pathway

AbstractMany animals have a conserved adaptive genome defense system known as the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway which is essential for germ cell development and function. Disruption of individual mouse Piwi genes results in male but not female sterility, leading to the assumption that PIWI genes play little or no role in mammalian oocytes. Here, we report generation of PIWI-defective golden hamsters, which reveals defects in the production of functional oocytes. The mechanisms involved vary among the hamster PIWI genes; lack of PIWIL1 has a major impact on gene expression, including hamster-specific young transposon de-silencing, whereas PIWIL3 deficiency has little impact on gene expression in oocytes, although DNA methylation was found to be reduced to some extent in PIWIL3-defecient oocytes. Our findings serve as the foundation for developing useful models to study the piRNA pathway in mammalian oocytes, including humans, which is not possible with mice.

Golden Hamsters Do Not Acquire Food Preferences From Littermates

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Lupfer ◽  
Jerome Frieman ◽  
Katie Wiens ◽  
Jeremy Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
Golden Hamsters

Quantum mechanics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Transition Amplitude ◽  
External Source ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Damping Term ◽  
Relativistic Quantum Theory ◽  
Generating Functional

After a brief review of the operator approach to quantum mechanics, Feynmans path integral, which expresses a transition amplitude as a sum over all paths, is derived. Adding a linear coupling to an external source J and a damping term to the Lagrangian, the ground-state persistence amplitude is obtained. This quantity serves as the generating functional Z[J] for n-point Green functions which are the main target when studying quantum field theory. Then the harmonic oscillator as an example for a one-dimensional quantum field theory is discussed and the reason why a relativistic quantum theory should be based on quantum fields is explained.

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