Similarities and differences in concepts of mental life among adults and children in five cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Weisman ◽  
Cristine H. Legare ◽  
Rachel E. Smith ◽  
Vivian A. Dzokoto ◽  
Felicity Aulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Life ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Effectiveness and Utility of Visual Scene Displays as Communication Supports for Adults and Children With Complex Communication Needs: Perspectives of Clinicians and Researchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jennifer Thistle ◽  
Amber Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Initial Measure ◽  
Communication Supports

Purpose The aims of this research study were to describe the perspectives of clinicians and researchers regarding the effectiveness of visual scene displays (VSDs) as communication supports in order to inform the translation of research to clinical practice. Method An online survey was completed by 298 clinicians and nine VSD researchers. Participants rated the effectiveness of VSDs in supporting a variety of communication functions and their strength of agreement regarding statements of VSD utility. Results Regardless of population served, clinicians and researchers rated VSDs as effective at supporting a range of communication functions. Participants also tended to agree with statements of VSD utility. Conclusions The current study highlights the perceptions of clinicians and researchers regarding the uses and benefits of VSDs for adults and children with complex communication needs and provides an initial measure of the current translation of research to clinical practice. Results indicate that VSDs can be used to support a variety of communication functions and utilities; however, further work is necessary to explore additional communication functions and delineate similarities and differences of VSD uses for differing populations. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14551344

scholarly journals Semantic Similarity and Difference in the Estimate of Verbal Designations of Basic Emotions by Young School Children and Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
E.G. Khoze ◽  
I.A. Basul ◽  
E.A. Lupenko ◽  
M.V. Yuryeva ◽  
M.M. Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Similarity And Difference

The study is devoted to the experimental study of semantic similarities and differences in the assessments of verbal designations of basic emotions in adult and child samples — the focus is on the regularities of assessing basic emotions by children and adults using the semantic differential in terms of affective polar concepts. A comparative analysis of assessments of verbal designations of basic emotions by children and adults was carried out, which showed their coincidence in 72% of cases. The differences between adults and children are that adults rate them more pronounced (with the exception of “surprise”). The semantic differential developed taking into account age characteristics can be used to verify emoji expressions of basic emotions.

Discourse organization in parent-led narratives

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feli Etxeberria ◽  
Verónica Azpillaga ◽  
Nahia Intxausti ◽  
Asunción Martínez-Arbelaiz ◽  
Iñaki Pikabea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Action Taking ◽  
Discourse Organization ◽  
Narrative Forms ◽  
Organizational Features ◽  
Verb Tense

This article analyzes parent narratives in Basque and Spanish by means of a story aimed at boys and girls between ages of 3 and 8 in order to investigate the similarities and differences in the narrative input provided by parents, paying attention to structural and organizational features in terms of their narrative forms and functions. We used a quantitative methodology that recorded the frequencies of the different variables under study: narrative length, structure, cohesion (connectors and verb tense), and the types of interaction between adults and children in both languages. The results show differences in narrative input relative to the age of the child and the language used. With older children, parents used a less interactive style in both Basque and Spanish. Furthermore, there are differences in narrative structure as a function of the age of the child: with the 3–4 year olds, more clauses were used to explain the details of the action taking place outdoors. Finally, narratives in Basque made greater use of temporal connectors, while narratives in Spanish used more subordinating connectors.

Orosensory Perception, Speech Production, and Deafness

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo E. Bishop ◽  
Robert L. Ringel ◽  
Arthur S. House
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The oral form-discrimination abilities of 18 orally educated and oriented deaf high school subjects were determined and compared to those of manually educated and oriented deaf subjects and normal-hearing subjects. The similarities and differences among the responses of the three groups were discussed and then compared to responses elicited from subjects with functional disorders of articulation. In general, the discrimination scores separated the manual deaf from the other two groups, particularly when differences in form shapes were involved in the test. The implications of the results for theories relating orosensory-discrimination abilities are discussed. It is postulated that, while a failure in oroperceptual functioning may lead to disorders of articulation, a failure to use the oral mechanism for speech activities, even in persons with normal orosensory capabilities, may result in poor performance on oroperceptual tasks.

Stimulus Ratio Effects on Speech Discrimination by Children and Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Discrimination Accuracy ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Adults And Children

This investigation examined the response strategies and discrimination accuracy of adults and children aged 5–10 as the ratio of same to different trials was varied across three conditions of a “change/no-change” discrimination task. The conditions varied as follows: (a) a ratio of one-third same to two-thirds different trials (33% same), (b) an equal ratio of same to different trials (50% same), and (c) a ratio of two-thirds same to one-third different trials (67% same). Stimuli were synthetic consonant-vowel syllables that changed along a place of articulation dimension by formant frequency transition. Results showed that all subjects changed their response strategies depending on the ratio of same-to-different trials. The most lax response pattern was observed for the 50% same condition, and the most conservative pattern was observed for the 67% same condition. Adult response patterns were most conservative across condition. Differences in discrimination accuracy as measured by P(C) were found, with the largest difference in the 5- to 6-year-old group and the smallest change in the adult group. These findings suggest that children’s response strategies, like those of adults, can be manipulated by changing the ratio of same-to-different trials. Furthermore, interpretation of sensitivity measures must be referenced to task variables such as the ratio of same-to-different trials.

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