scholarly journals Gated feedforward inhibition in the frontal cortex releases goal-directed action

Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong-Hyun Ma ◽  
Eunji Jung ◽  
Ilsong Choi ◽  
Seung-Hee Lee
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong-Hyun Ma ◽  
Eunji Jung ◽  
Ilsong Choi ◽  
Seung-Hee Lee

Cortical circuits process sensory information and generate motor signals in animals performing perceptual tasks. However, it is still unclear how sensory inputs generate motor signals in the cortex to initiate goal-directed action. Here, we identified a visual-to-motor inhibitory circuit in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that induced action initiation in mice performing visual Go/No-go tasks. Interestingly, higher activity in sensory neurons and faster suppression in motor neurons of the ACC predicted faster reaction times. Notably, optogenetic activation of visual inputs in the ACC evoked strong suppression of neighboring motor neurons by activating fast-spiking sensory neurons and drove task-relevant actions in mice via activating striatal neurons. Finally, the ACC network activity maintained low during spontaneous and perceptual actions and increased during action cancellation in response to the stop signals. Collectively, our data demonstrate that visual salience in the frontal cortex exerts gated feedforward inhibition to release goal-directed actions.


Author(s):  
MB. Tank Buschmann

Development of oligodendrocytes in rat corpus callosum was described as a sequential change in cytoplasmic density which progressed from light to medium to dark (1). In rat optic nerve, changes in cytoplasmic density were not observed, but significant changes in morphology occurred just prior to and during myelination (2). In our study, the ultrastructural development of oligodendrocytes was studied in newborn, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-day and adult frontal cortex of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).Young and adult hamster brains were perfused with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.3 according to the method of Peters (3). Tissue samples of layer V of the frontal cortex were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin.


2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
ERIK L. GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
ERIK L. GOLDMAN
Keyword(s):  

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