Merlin is required for coordinating proliferation of two stem cell lineages in the Drosophila testis

Abstract Epidermal and intestinal tissues divide throughout life to replace lost surface cells. These renewing tissues have long-lived basal stem cell lineages that divide many times, each division producing one stem cell and one transit cell. The transit cell divides a limited number of times, producing cells that move up from the basal layer and eventually slough off from the surface. If mutation rates are the same in stem and transit divisions, we show that minimal cancer risk is obtained by using the fewest possible stem divisions subject to the constraints imposed by the need to renew the tissue. In this case, stem cells are a necessary risk imposed by the constraints of tissue architecture. Cairns suggested that stem cells may have lower mutation rates than transit cells do. We develop a mathematical model to study the consequences of different stem and transit mutation rates. Our model shows that stem cell mutation rates two or three orders of magnitude less than transit mutation rates may favor relatively more stem divisions and fewer transit divisions, perhaps explaining how renewing tissues allocate cell divisions between long stem and short transit lineages.

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Wnt6 regulates the homeostasis of the stem cell niche via Rac1-and Cdc42-mediated noncanonical Wnt signalling pathways in Drosophila testis

Experimental Cell Research ◽

10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 402 (1) ◽

pp. 112511

Author(s):

Min Wang ◽

Xiaojin Luan ◽

Yidan Yan ◽

Qianwen Zheng ◽

Wanyin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Niche ◽

Wnt Signalling ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Drosophila Testis ◽

Cell Niche

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A multi-stem cell basis for craniosynostosis and calvarial mineralization

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1061838/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Greenblatt ◽

Seoyeon Bok ◽

Alisha Yallowitz ◽

Jason McCormick ◽

Michelle Cung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Endochondral Ossification ◽

Distinct Form ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Genetic Ablation ◽

Cell Lineages ◽

Specific Fraction ◽

Maladaptive Response ◽

Suture Fusion ◽

Stem Cell Populations

Abstract Craniosynostosis is a group of disorders of premature calvarial sutural fusion. An incomplete understanding of the calvarial stem cells (CSCs) that produce fusion-driving osteoblasts has limited the development of non-surgical therapeutic approaches for craniosynostosis. Here we show that both physiologic calvarial mineralization and pathologic calvarial fusion in craniosynostosis reflect the interaction of two separate stem cell lineages; a recently reported CathepsinK (CTSK) lineage CSC (CTSK+ CSC)1 and a separate Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 (DDR2) lineage stem cell (DDR2+ CSC) identified in this study. Deletion of Twist1, a gene associated with human craniosynostosis2,3, solely in CTSK+ CSCs is sufficient to drive craniosynostosis, however the sites destined to fuse surprisingly display a marked depletion of CTSK+ CSCs and a corresponding expansion of DDR2+ CSCs. This DDR2+ CSC expansion is a direct maladaptive response to CTSK+ CSC depletion, as partial suture fusion occurred after genetic ablation of CTSK+ CSCs. This DDR2+ CSC is a specific fraction of DDR2+ lineage cells that displayed full stemness features, establishing the presence of two distinct stem cell lineages in the sutures, with each population contributing to physiologic calvarial mineralization. DDR2+ CSCs mediate a distinct form of endochondral ossification where an initial cartilage template is formed but the recruitment of hematopoietic marrow is absent. Direct implantation of DDR2+ CSCs into suture sites was sufficient to induce fusion, and this phenotype was prevented by co-transplantation of CTSK+ CSCs. Lastly, the human counterparts of DDR2+ CSCs and CTSK+ CSCs are present in calvarial surgical specimens and display conserved functional properties in xenograft assays. The interaction between these two stem cell populations provides a new biologic interface to modulate calvarial mineralization and suture patency.

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Lin28 is a critical factor in the function and aging of Drosophila testis stem cell niche

Aging ◽

10.18632/aging.101765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 855-873

Author(s):

Perinthottathil Sreejith ◽

Wijeong Jang ◽

Van To ◽

Yong Hun Jo ◽

Benoit Biteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Niche ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Drosophila Testis ◽

Cell Niche

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Defining the stem cell lineages in the mouse inter-follicular epidermis

Journal of Dermatological Science ◽

10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.02.159 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. e54

Author(s):

Aiko Sada ◽

Fadi Jacob ◽

Eva Leung ◽

Sherry Wang ◽

Brian S. White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Lineages

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Stem Cell Origin of Cell Lineages, Proliferative Units, and Cancer in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Stem Cells Handbook ◽

10.1385/1-59259-411-5:329 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 329-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mairi Brittan ◽

Nicholas A Wright

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Cell Lineages

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Behavioral Changes in Stem-Cell Potency by HepG2-Exhausted Medium

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9081890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1890

Author(s):

Francesca Balzano ◽

Giuseppe Garroni ◽

Sara Cruciani ◽

Emanuela Bellu ◽

Silvia Dei Giudici ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Cell Cycle Regulators ◽

Stem Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Lineages ◽

Hepatocarcinoma Cell ◽

Human Hepatocarcinoma Cell Line ◽

Hepg2 Cell Lines ◽

Hepatocarcinoma Cell Line ◽

Senescence Associated Genes

Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are able to differentiate into different cell lineages upon stimulation. This ability is closely related to the perfect balance between the pluripotency-related genes, which control stem-cell proliferation, and genes able to orchestrate the appearance of a specific phenotype. Here we studied the expression of stemness-related genes, epigenetic regulators (DNMT1, SIRT1), miRNAs (miR-145, miR-148, and miR-185) related to stemness, exosomes, the cell-cycle regulators p21 (WAF1/CIP1) and p53, and the senescence-associated genes (p16, p19, and hTERT). Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2-exhausted medium, to evaluate changes in stemness, differentiation capability, and senescence sensibility. Our results showed the overexpression of SIRT1 and reduced levels of p21 mRNA. Moreover, we observed a downregulation of DNMT1, and a simultaneous overexpression of Oct-4 and c-Myc. These findings suggest that WJ-MSCs are more likely to retain a stem phenotype and sometimes to switch to a highly undifferentiable proliferative-like behavior if treated with medium exhausted by human HepG2 cell lines.

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