In vitro and in vivo evaluation of electrophoresis-aided casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate remineralisation system on pH-cycling and acid-etching demineralised enamel

Phosphoserine modified cements (PMC) exhibit unique properties, including strong adhesion to tissues and biomaterials. While TTCP-PMCs remodel into bone in vivo, little is known regarding the bioactivity and physiochemical changes that occur during resorption. In the present study, changes in the mechanical strength and composition were evaluated for 28 days, for three formulations of αTCP based PMCs. PMCs were significantly stronger than unmodified cement (38–49 MPa vs. 10 MPa). Inclusion of wollastonite in PMCs appeared to accelerate the conversion to hydroxyapatite, coincident with slight decrease in strength. In non-wollastonite PMCs the initial compressive strength did not change after 28 days in PBS (p > 0.99). Dissolution/degradation of PMC was evaluated in acidic (pH 2.7, pH 4.0), and supersaturated fluids (simulated body fluid (SBF)). PMCs exhibited comparable mass loss (<15%) after 14 days, regardless of pH and ionic concentration. Electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis revealed that significant amounts of brushite, octacalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite reprecipitated, following dissolution in acidic conditions (pH 2.7), while amorphous calcium phosphate formed in SBF. In conclusion, PMC surfaces remodel into metastable precursors to hydroxyapatite, in both acidic and neutral environments. By tuning the composition of PMCs, durable strength in fluids, and rapid transformation can be obtained.

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Development of injectable chitosan/biphasic calcium phosphate bone cement and in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1088/1748-605x/ab8441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 055038

Author(s):

Sirirat T. Rattanachan ◽

Nuan La-ong Srakaew ◽

Paritat Thaitalay ◽

Oranich Thongsri ◽

Rawee Dangviriyakul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement

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Effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm in vitro

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-020-03221-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 3513-3518

Author(s):

Naser B. Alawadhi ◽

Frank Lippert ◽

Richard L. Gregory

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽

Casein Phosphopeptide

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Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Fluoride Varnishes on Dentin Remineralization During a Critical pH Exposure Using Quantitative X-Ray Microtomography

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/18-014-l ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. E308-E316

Author(s):

A Sleibi ◽

A Tappuni ◽

D Mills ◽

GR Davis ◽

A Baysan

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Mineral Concentration ◽

Voxel Size ◽

X Ray ◽

Casein Phosphopeptide

SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the amount of mineral change in demineralized dentin at pH 5.5 after the application of dental varnishes containing fluoride with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride and bioglass, or fluoride alone. Methods and Materials: A total of 12 extracted human sound mandibular premolar root samples were coated with an acid-resistant varnish, leaving a 2 × 3 mm window at the outer root surface. These root specimens were then randomly divided into four groups and separately subjected to the demineralizing cycle at a pH of 4.8 for five days to create artificial caries-like lesions in dentin. Subsequently, each sample was imaged using quantitative x-ray microtomography (XMT) at a 15-μm voxel size. Each test group then received one of the following treatments: dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride (CPP-ACP, MI varnish, GC Europe), bioglass and fluoride (BGA, Experimental, Dentsply Sirona), or fluoride alone (NUPRO, Dentsply Sirona), as well as a control group, which received no treatment. These samples were kept in deionized water for 12 hours. The thin layer of varnish was then removed. All samples including the nonvarnish group were subjected to the second demineralizing cycle at pH 5.5 for five days. The final XMT imaging was then carried out following the second demineralizing cycle. XMT scan was also carried out to varnish samples at 25 μm voxel size. The change in mineral concentration in the demineralized teeth was assessed using both qualitative and quantitative image analysis. Results: There was an increase in radiopacity in the subtracted images of all varnish groups; a significant increase in mineral content, 12% for the CPP-ACP and fluoride (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001), 25% BGA (p≤0.001), and 104% fluoride alone varnish (p≤0.001). There was an increase in the size of radiolucency in the lesion area with a significant decrease in mineral content in the nonvarnish group, 10% (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001). Conclusions: There was encouraging evidence of a remineralization effect following the application of dental varnish on dentin and also an observed resistance to demineralization during the acidic challenge in all cases. However, a dental varnish containing fluoride alone appeared to have a much greater effect on dentin remineralization when compared with CPP-ACP with fluoride and bioglass with fluoride.

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