Difference in spectral power density of sleep EEG between patients with simple snoring and those with obstructive sleep apnoea

Abstract Introduction Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients has shown reductions in both delta band frequency power and interhemispheric coherence. Weight loss surgery is increasing in popularity and is often effective in reducing the symptoms and severity of OSA. No study has examined the effects of weight loss surgery on the sleep EEG of OSA patients. Methods Twenty patients underwent diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) prior to- and twelve months after weight loss surgery. Quantitative EEG analysis was conducted to calculate spectral power (fast fourier transform with four second overlapping windows) as well as amplitude and phase coherence between the two hemispheres (C3/C4 electrodes). Results Weight loss surgery was successful in reducing weight (137±17 kg vs 102±17kg P<0.001 for pre- and post-surgery, respectively), and OSA severity (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index: 26±15 events/hour vs 10±12 events/hour P<0.001 for pre- and post-surgery, respectively). Stage N1 proportions were slightly decreased (12±7% vs 9±8%; P=0.039 for pre- and post-surgery, respectively) but all other stages were unchanged. Increases in interhemispheric phase coherence was observed following weight loss surgery, with significant changes observed in theta (-0.07±0.09 degrees vs -0.03±0.03 degrees P=0.035), alpha (-0.12±0.13 degrees vs -0.03±0.06 degrees P=0.008), sigma (-0.19±0.18 degrees vs -0.07±0.07 degrees P=0.011) and beta (-0.29±0.25 degrees vs -0.11±0.09 degrees P=0.004) band frequencies. There were no differences in EEG spectral power or interhemispheric amplitude coherence. Discussion Sleep EEG coherence, a putative marker of neurocognitive susceptibility in OSA, improves following weight loss surgery. Further studies are needed to determine the functional consequences of these EEG changes.

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Severity of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and subsequent waking EEG spectral power

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/09031936.00117507 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 705-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. Greneche ◽

M. Saremi ◽

C. Erhardt ◽

A. Hoeft ◽

A. Eschenlauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Eeg Spectral Power ◽

Obstructive Sleep

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Sutter® bipolar radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction of palate for snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea: is one treatment adequate?

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215109004253 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (7) ◽

pp. 750-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K P Pang ◽

J K Siow

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Bipolar Radiofrequency ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction ◽

Viable Method ◽

Tissue Reduction ◽

Simple Snoring

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction, using Sutter® technology, in the treatment of snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea.Design:Prospective, non-randomised trial.Methods:Fifty-two patients with simple snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea underwent bipolar radiofrequency palate reduction under local anaesthesia.Results:All patients were Friedman stage II and III, with tonsil sizes graded as zero, one or two, a mean body mass index of 22.6, and a mean age of 36.2 years. Seventy-seven per cent of patients reported improvement in their snoring; patients' mean snoring level (assessed by visual analogue scale) improved from 8.9 to 3.4 (p < 0.05). Eighty-three per cent of patients reported an improvement in their Epworth sleepiness scale score, from a mean of 14.6 to 9.5. Seven out of the 17 patients (41.2 per cent) met the surgical success criteria (i.e. at least a 50 per cent reduction of the pre-procedure apnoea–hypopnoea index, and a post-procedure apnoea–hypopnoea index of below 15). Patients' mean apnoea–hypopnoea index improved from 13.6 to 9.8, and their mean lowest oxygen saturation improved from 88.3 to 92.5 per cent. Eighty-two per cent of patients reported an improvement in their quality of life as a result of the procedure.Conclusion:One session of Sutter bipolar radiofrequency tissue volume reduction represents a viable method of treating snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnoea, with good results.

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Acoustic analysis of snoring sound in patients with simple snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea

CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs ◽

10.1183/09031936.96.09112365 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2365-2370 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

J.A. Fiz ◽

J. Abad ◽

R. Jané ◽

M. Riera ◽

M.A. Mañanas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Acoustic Analysis ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Simple Snoring

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Electron microscopy study of peripheral nerves in the uvulae of snorers and obstructive sleep apnoea patients

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215108002971 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A Bassiouny ◽

S Nasr ◽

M Mashaly ◽

E Ayad ◽

M Qotb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Electron Microscopy Study ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Airway Narrowing ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Simple Snoring

AbstractHypothesis:The pathophysiology of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea is still unclear. Two theories are proposed. The first is the obstructive theory, which postulates palatopharyngeal muscle hypertrophy leading to airway narrowing; there is no neural role. The second is the neurogenic theory, which postulates neural degeneration due to vibratory stretch trauma, leading to muscle atrophy and collapse. As identification of nerve fibres in the uvula and palate is difficult and time-consuming, all previous studies aiming to differentiate between these two theories have been based on indirect observation of the muscles, rather than direct study of the nerves.Methods:We conducted a prospective study to directly observe and study nerve fibres in uvular specimens from 10 cases of obstructive sleep apnoea, compared with specimens from 10 cases of simple snoring, using transmission electron microscopy. Five autopsy cases served as controls.Results:Obstructive sleep apnoea was associated with definite degenerative changes in myelinated and unmyelinated nerve endings. These degenerative changes were present to a lesser degree and in a smaller proportion of cases of simple snoring.Conclusion:The events postulated by the neurogenic theory of obstructive sleep apnoea appear to play an important role in the pathophysiology of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea.

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