scholarly journals Fine-scale tracking of wild waterfowl and their impact on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2014–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuyoung Lee ◽  
Daesung Yu ◽  
Beatriz Martínez-López ◽  
Hachung Yoon ◽  
Sung-Il Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Migratory Waterfowl ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wild Waterfowl

Abstract Wild migratory waterfowl are considered one of the most important reservoirs and long-distance carriers of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Our study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of wild migratory waterfowl’s wintering habitat in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to evaluate the impact of these habitats on the risk of HPAI outbreaks in commercial poultry farms. The habitat use of 344 wild migratory waterfowl over four migration cycles was estimated based on tracking records. The association of habitat use with HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in poultry farms was evaluated using a multilevel logistic regression model. We found that a poultry farm within a wild waterfowl habitat had a 3–8 times higher risk of HPAI outbreak than poultry farms located outside of the habitat. The range of wild waterfowl habitats increased during autumn migration, and was associated with the epidemic peak of HPAI outbreaks on domestic poultry farms in the ROK. Our findings provide a better understanding of the dynamics of HPAI infection in the wildlife–domestic poultry interface and may help to establish early detection, and cost-effective preventive measures.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Local Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N6 in the Republic of Korea by Integrating Phylogenetic Information

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Dae-Sung Yoo ◽  
Byungchul Chun ◽  
Kyung-Duk Min ◽  
Jun-Sik Lim ◽  
Oun-Kyoung Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Transmission

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus is one of the most virulent and infectious pathogens of poultry. As a response to HPAI epidemics, veterinary authorities implement preemptive depopulation as a controlling strategy. However, mass culling within a uniform radius of the infection site can result in unnecessary depopulation. Therefore, it is useful to quantify the transmission distance from infected premises (IPs) before determining the optimal area for preemptive depopulation. Accordingly, we analyzed the transmission risk within spatiotemporal clusters of IPs using transmission kernel estimates derived from phylogenetic clustering information on 311 HPAI H5N6 IPs identified during the 2016–2017 epidemic, Republic of Korea. Subsequently, we explored the impact of varying the culling radius on the local transmission of HPAI given the transmission risk estimates. The domestic duck farm density was positively associated with higher transmissibility. Ring culling over a radius of 3 km may be effective for areas with high dense duck holdings, but this approach does not appear to significantly reduce the risk for local transmission in areas with chicken farms. This study provides the first estimation of the local transmission dynamics of HPAI in the Republic of Korea as well as insight into determining an effective ring culling radius.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in the Republic of Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (supplement) ◽  
pp. S10-S10
Author(s):  
Young-Myong Kang ◽  
Wooseog Jeong ◽  
Sung-Chul Hwang ◽  
Chung-Sik Jung ◽  
Oun-Kyong Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
The Republic

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in the Republic of Korea in 2003/04

2006 ◽  
Vol 158 (10) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. Wee ◽  
C.-K. Park ◽  
H.-M. Nam ◽  
C.-H. Kim ◽  
H. Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza H5n1 ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Influenza H5n1

scholarly journals Dynamics and features of manifestation of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Republic of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
H. O. Lopsan
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Avian Flu ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wild Waterfowl

The dynamics and features of the manifestation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 were studied on the territory of the Republic of Tuva, where it was first recorded in 2006 in wild migratory waterfowl of the duck family, mainly great crested grebe ducks. In the epizootic process of highly pathogenic avian flu on the territory of the Republic, causal-temporal relationships with the seasonal migration of wild waterfowl from the countries of South-East Asia have been noted. Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian flu were observed in 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016. In 2016, as a result of mutation of the H5N1 virus strain, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian flu of the H5N8 strain was registered. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian flu H5 and H7 subtypes simultaneously with low pathogenic subtypes of avian flu H3 were noted in 2014, H9 – in 2013 and 2014. In the study of blood serum of birds in the years officially free from avian flu, antibodies to hemagglutinins of the virus of different subtypes were detected in 11.2-50.0% of cases. Despite the absence of bird mortality, this indicates a constant circulation of avian influenza agent in the body of waterfowl. On the territory of the Republic, avian flu has not spread among poultry due to natural-geographical, socio-economic conditions. The development of distant pasture farming does not provide for the maintenance and breeding of poultry in the unfavorable area of the lake UvsNuur; the local population does not have a tradition of hunting for wild fowl, which prevents contact between wild and domestic birds; there are no lakes or pond reservoirs near the only poultry farm in the Republic with a small stock, which prevents wild waterfowl from entering and passing through flying passages.

scholarly journals First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Madslien ◽  
Torfinn Moldal ◽  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
Sveinn Gudmundsson ◽  
Arne Follestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Poultry Farms

Abstract Background Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020. Norway is one of the few countries in Europe that had not previously detected HPAI virus, despite widespread active monitoring of both domestic and wild birds since 2005. Results We report detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 in a wild pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and several other geese, ducks and a gull, from south-western Norway in November and December 2020. Despite previous reports of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), this constitutes the first detections of HPAI in Norway. Conclusions The mode of introduction is unclear, but a northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands during the autumn of 2020 is currently our main hypothesis for the introduction of HPAI to Norway. The presence of HPAI in wild birds constitutes a new, and ongoing, threat to the Norwegian poultry industry, and compliance with the improved biosecurity measures on poultry farms should therefore be ensured. [MK1]Finally, although HPAI of subtype H5N8 has been reported to have very low zoonotic potential, this is a reminder that HPAI with greater zoonotic potential in wild birds may pose a threat in the future. [MK1]Updated with a sentence emphasizing the risk HPAI pose to poultry farms, both in the Abstract and in the Conclusion-section in main text, as suggested by Reviewer 1 (#7).

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