Capacities and resources for management of avian influenza outbreaks in Bulgaria

The study investigated the necessity of improvement of the technical, financial and human resources in the veterinary sector, the need for strengthening the control on the prevention and eradication measures on avian influenza and the update in the legislation. A sociological survey was carried out through an anonymous written questionnaire with open and closed questions. More than one-third (36.67%) of the respondents in the study assessed the activities of the competent authorities in Bulgaria for eradication of the avian flu outbreaks as “Very good”. For 43.33% one of the main reasons for spreading the disease appeared to be the misinformation and non-declaration of the infection by the farmers, the illegal import and low biosecurity level. For more effective management of the future avian flu outbreaks, more than half of the respondents (56.67%) recommended improvement of the control measures. Of them, 20% proposed stricter control on the eradication at the farms; another 13.33% of the respondents stated the necessity of legislative amendments regarding the zoonotic character of the disease.

Dynamics and features of manifestation of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Republic of Tuva

The dynamics and features of the manifestation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 were studied on the territory of the Republic of Tuva, where it was first recorded in 2006 in wild migratory waterfowl of the duck family, mainly great crested grebe ducks. In the epizootic process of highly pathogenic avian flu on the territory of the Republic, causal-temporal relationships with the seasonal migration of wild waterfowl from the countries of South-East Asia have been noted. Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian flu were observed in 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016. In 2016, as a result of mutation of the H5N1 virus strain, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian flu of the H5N8 strain was registered. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian flu H5 and H7 subtypes simultaneously with low pathogenic subtypes of avian flu H3 were noted in 2014, H9 – in 2013 and 2014. In the study of blood serum of birds in the years officially free from avian flu, antibodies to hemagglutinins of the virus of different subtypes were detected in 11.2-50.0% of cases. Despite the absence of bird mortality, this indicates a constant circulation of avian influenza agent in the body of waterfowl. On the territory of the Republic, avian flu has not spread among poultry due to natural-geographical, socio-economic conditions. The development of distant pasture farming does not provide for the maintenance and breeding of poultry in the unfavorable area of the lake UvsNuur; the local population does not have a tradition of hunting for wild fowl, which prevents contact between wild and domestic birds; there are no lakes or pond reservoirs near the only poultry farm in the Republic with a small stock, which prevents wild waterfowl from entering and passing through flying passages.

How does avian influenza spread between populations?

Josh Loeb reports on new research that looks at the transmission of avian flu between wild and domestic birds

A focus on CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19)

The coronavirus episode is a worldwide concern. As time passes, the circumstance appears to change for the most noticeably terrible. An ever-increasing number of individuals are affirmed as contaminated, the death rate goes up somewhat with each deadly case and the infection is advancing outside the Chinese outskirts. The news outlets are everywhere throughout the point, giving day by day or even hourly updates to the inexorably critical circumstance. Be that as it may, most articles and reports appear to concentrate more on instigating alarm and making disarray as opposed to giving an account of logical realities or advancing avoidance measures Along these lines, for this article, how about we leave the frenzy aside and see where that brings us. The Wuhan infection is the main significant wellbeing danger of 2020, yet it's a long way from being the first or the most noticeably awful wellbeing emergency that humankind confronted. Before we had the Ebola infection, Avian flu and SARS, with the keep going on this rundown, really being a kind of coronavirus. All were profoundly infectious and possibly savage, yet none caused such an instinctive response from the populace. Regardless of whether we dismiss those, we have the basic influenza infection that causes a large number of passing right off the bat, and we don't hear much about that in the news, isn't that right?