scholarly journals Clinical features of invasive fungal disease in children with no underlying disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Huang ◽  
Chentao Liu ◽  
Xiangrong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease ◽  
Eosinophil Counts

AbstractThere is limited research into Invasive fungal disease (IFD) in children with no underlying disease. We undertook a retrospective study of children with IFD who did not suffer from another underlying disease, from June 2010 to March 2018 in Changsha, China. Nine children were identified. Eosinophil counts were elevated in six cases. The level of procalcitonin (PCT) was elevated in six cases. Fungal culture was positive in all patients, including eight cases of Cryptococcus neoformans and one case of Candida parapsilosis. 8.33 days following antifungal treatment, the body temperature of the eight patients affected by cryptococcal disease had returned to normal. Our study indicates that the primary pathogen in IFD was Cryptococcus neoformans in children who had no other underlying disease. Eosinophils can be considered to be indicators of cryptococcal infection. IFD in children with no other underlying disease has a satisfactory prognosis.

scholarly journals Low Cryptococcus Antigen Titers as Determined by Lateral Flow Assay Should Be Interpreted Cautiously in Patients without Prior Diagnosis of Cryptococcal Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 2472-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Dubbels ◽  
Dane Granger ◽  
Elitza S. Theel
Keyword(s):  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Lateral Flow Assay ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correlation Prior

ABSTRACTDetection ofCryptococcusantigen (CrAg) is invaluable for establishing cryptococcal disease. Multiple different methods for CrAg detection are available, including a lateral flow assay (LFA). Despite excellent performance of the CrAg LFA, we have observed multiple cases of low-titer (≤1:5) positive CrAg LFA results in patients for whom cryptococcosis was ultimately excluded. To investigate the accuracy of low-titer positive CrAg LFA results, we performed chart reviews for all patients with positive CrAg LFA results between June 2014 and December 2016. During this period, serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 3,969 patients were tested with the CrAg LFA, and 55 patients (1.5%) tested positive. Thirty-eight of those patients lacked a history of cryptococcal disease and were the focus of this study. Fungal culture or histopathology confirmedCryptococcusinfection for 20 patients (52.6%), and CrAg LFA titers in serum and CSF samples ranged from 1:5 to ≥1:2,560. For the 18 patients (47.4%) without culture or histopathological confirmation, the CrAg LFA results were considered true-positive results for 5 patients (titer range, 1:10 to ≥1:2,560), due to clinical improvement with targeted therapy and decreasing CrAg LFA titers. The remaining 13 patients had CrAg LFA titers of 1:2 (n= 11) or 1:5 (n= 2) and were ultimately diagnosed with an alternative condition (n= 11) or began therapy for possible cryptococcosis without improvement (n= 2), leading to an overall CrAg LFA false-positive rate of 34%. We recommend careful clinical correlation prior to establishing a diagnosis of cryptococcal infection for patients with first-time positive CrAg LFA titers of 1:2.

Bilateral Placoid Choroiditis in an HIV-Positive Patient With Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis and Disseminated Cryptococcal Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-533
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Larochelle ◽  
Marissa B. Larochelle ◽  
Yee Yee Aung ◽  
Thinzar Linn ◽  
David Heiden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Multifocal Choroiditis ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease ◽  
Unusual Variant ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination

Purpose: We report a presumptive case of bilateral placoid choroiditis secondary to disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection and review the literature on choroidal involvement of C neoformans. Methods: A case report is presented. Results: A 35-year-old HIV-positive man presented with disseminated cryptococcal infection. Cryptococcal meningitis was confirmed by lumbar puncture, and skin involvement was confirmed by microscopy of scrapings from a papular, umbilicated, ulcerated lesion. Ophthalmologic examination revealed intact visual acuity, clear vitreous, and multiple yellowish, placoid-appearing choroidal lesions in the posterior pole bilaterally. Conclusions: Multifocal choroiditis caused by C neoformans is an uncommon manifestation of disseminated infection, and placoid yellowish choroidal lesions are an unusual variant. These findings must be differentiated from choroidal tuberculosis and other infections. Multifocal choroiditis typically occurs in AIDS patients and may precede the presentation of meningitis. In such patients, choroidal lesions warrant investigation for systemic, life-threatening opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis - Life threatening invasive fungal disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447
Author(s):  
Kavitha J ◽  
Sivakrishnan S ◽  
Lakshmisree S ◽  
Srinivasan S
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Life Threatening

Mucormycosis, formerly known as zygomycosis, is a potentially fatal invasive fungal disease (IFD) caused by fungi in the Mucorales order and the zygomycetes class. Mucormycosis is a rare but deadly fungal infection that generally affects those who have weakened immune systems. The infection has the potential to spread throughout the body. Death is a possibility with this type of severe infection. It’s important to get treatment. If left untreated, mucormycosis can be fatal. Zygomycosis has a high mortality of 70–100%. The prevalence of mucormycosis in India is approximately 80 times that of developed countries, with 0.14 cases per 1000 population. The main aim and purpose of this review related to overview and history, causative agents, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, transmission, types, clinical features, recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of Mucormycosis. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant sources. It will be helpful for those who work in the medicine field to explore their knowledge about mucormycosis.

Incidence of Candida parapsilosis colonization in an intensive care nursery population and its association with invasive fungal disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYMAN E. EL-MOHANDES ◽  
LAUREN JOHNSON-ROBBINS ◽  
JOHN F. KEISER ◽  
SAMUEL J. SIMMENS ◽  
MARILOU V. AURE
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Intensive Care Nursery

Post-transplant Colonization With Non-Aspergillus Molds and Risk of Development of Invasive Fungal Disease in Lung Transplant Recipients

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda P. Silveira ◽  
Eun J. Kwak ◽  
David L. Paterson ◽  
Joseph M. Pilewski ◽  
Kenneth R. McCurry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients

scholarly journals Allergen Immunotherapy in an HIV+ Patient with Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Myles ◽  
Satyen Gada
Keyword(s):  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Chronic Invasive

Patients with HIV/AIDS can present with multiple types of fungal rhinosinusitis, fungal balls, granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, acute or chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, or allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). Given the variable spectrum of immune status and susceptibility to severe infection from opportunistic pathogens it is extremely important that clinicians distinguish aggressive fungal invasive fungal disease from the much milder forms such as AFRS. Here we describe a patient with HIV and AFRS to both remind providers of the importance of ruling out invasive fungal disease and outline the other unique features of fungal sinusitis treatment in the HIV-positive population. Additionally we discuss the evidence for and against use of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for fungal disease in general, as well as the evidence for AIT in the HIV population.

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