scholarly journals Fungi anaesthesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Complete Cessation ◽  
Spiking Activity

AbstractElectrical activity of fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is characterised by slow (h) irregular waves of baseline potential drift and fast (min) action potential likes spikes of the electrical potential. An exposure of the myceliated substrate to a chloroform vapour lead to several fold decrease of the baseline potential waves and increase of their duration. The chloroform vapour also causes either complete cessation of spiking activity or substantial reduction of the spiking frequency. Removal of the chloroform vapour from the growth containers leads to a gradual restoration of the mycelium electrical activity.

scholarly journals Fungi Anaesthesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Complete Cessation ◽  
Spiking Activity

Abstract Electrical activity of fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is characterised by slow (hours) irregular waves of baseline potential drift and fast (minutes) action potential likes spikes of the electrical potential. An exposure of the mycelium colonised substrate to a chloroform vapour lead to several fold decrease of the baseline potential waves and increase of their duration. The chloroform vapour also causes either complete cessation of spiking activity or substantial reduction of the spiking frequency. Removal of the chloroform vapour from the growth containers leads to a gradual restoration of the mycelium electrical activity.

scholarly journals Fungi anaesthesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Complete Cessation ◽  
Spiking Activity

Electrical activity of fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is characterised by slow (hours) irregular waves of baseline potential drift and fast (minutes) action potential likes spikes of the electrical potential. An exposure of the mycelium colonised substrate to a chloroform vapour lead to several fold decrease of the baseline potential waves and increase of their duration. The chloroform vapour also causes either complete cessation of spiking activity or substantial reduction of the spiking frequency. Removal of the chloroform vapour from the growth containers leads to a gradual restoration of the mycelium electrical activity.

scholarly journals On Electrical Spiking of Ganoderma Resinaceum

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Electrical Signalling ◽  
Spiking Activity

Fungi exhibit action-potential like spiking activity. Up to date, most electrical activity of oyster fungi has been characterized in sufficient detail. It remains unclear if there are any patterns of electrical activity specific only for a certain set of species or if all fungi share the same “language” of electrical signalling. We use pairs of differential electrodes to record extracellular electrical activity of the antler-like sporocarps of the polypore fungus Ganoderma resinaceum. The patterns of the electrical activity are analyzed in terms of frequency of spiking and parameters of the spikes. The indicators of the propagation of electrical activity are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Electrical activity of fungi: Spikes detection and complexity analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi ◽  
Andrew Adamatzky
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Pleurotus Djamor ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Mycelium Network ◽  
Spiking Activity

Abstract Oyster fungi Pleurotus djamor generate actin potential like spikes of electrical potential. The trains of spikes might manifest propagation of growing mycelium in a substrate, transportation of nutrients and metabolites and communication processes in the mycelium network. The spiking activity of the mycelium networks is highly variable compared to neural activity and therefore can not be analysed by standard tools from neuroscience. We propose original techniques for detecting and classifying the spiking activity of fungi. Using these techniques, we analyse the information-theoretic complexity of the fungal electrical activity. The results can pave ways for future research on sensorial fusion and decision making of fungi.

scholarly journals On electrical spiking of Ganoderma resinaceum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Antoni Gandia
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Electrical Signalling ◽  
Spiking Activity

Fungi exhibit action-potential like spiking activity. Up to date most electrical activity of oyster fungi has been characterised in sufficient detail. It remains unclear if there are any patterns of electrical activity specific only for a certain set of species or if all fungi share the same 'language' of electrical signalling. We use pairs of differential electrodes to record extracellular electrical activity of the antler-like sporocarps of the polypore fungus Ganoderma resinaceum. The patterns of the electrical activity are analysed in terms of frequency of spiking and parameters of the spikes. The indicators of the propagation of electrical activity are also highlighted.

Understanding the electrical behavior of the action potential in terms of elementary electrical sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rodriguez-Falces
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Ionic Currents ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Ionic Mechanisms ◽  
Human Electrophysiology

A concept of major importance in human electrophysiology studies is the process by which activation of an excitable cell results in a rapid rise and fall of the electrical membrane potential, the so-called action potential. Hodgkin and Huxley proposed a model to explain the ionic mechanisms underlying the formation of action potentials. However, this model is unsuitably complex for teaching purposes. In addition, the Hodgkin and Huxley approach describes the shape of the action potential only in terms of ionic currents, i.e., it is unable to explain the electrical significance of the action potential or describe the electrical field arising from this source using basic concepts of electromagnetic theory. The goal of the present report was to propose a new model to describe the electrical behaviour of the action potential in terms of elementary electrical sources (in particular, dipoles). The efficacy of this model was tested through a closed-book written exam. The proposed model increased the ability of students to appreciate the distributed character of the action potential and also to recognize that this source spreads out along the fiber as function of space. In addition, the new approach allowed students to realize that the amplitude and sign of the extracellular electrical potential arising from the action potential are determined by the spatial derivative of this intracellular source. The proposed model, which incorporates intuitive graphical representations, has improved students' understanding of the electrical potentials generated by bioelectrical sources and has heightened their interest in bioelectricity.

GASTROINTESTINAL HYPOMOTILITY IN MAGNESIUM-DEFICIENT SHEEP

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. BUENO ◽  
J. FIORAMONTI ◽  
E. GEUX ◽  
Y. RAISSIGUIER
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Spiking Activity

The electrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract and gallbladder was recorded in four sheep fed a Mg-deficient diet during 10 to 15 days. The mitigating effect of intravenous infusions of MgCl2 was tested at the end of the experimental period in animals presenting hypomagnesemia. Motility of the reticulo-rumen remained unchanged in Mg-deficient sheep except that there was no postprandial increased frequency of contractions. By contrast, the contractions of gallbladder, cecum and proximal colon were reduced in both amplitude and frequency. The amplitude but not the frequency of the antro-duodenal slow-waves was reduced. The amplitude of the regular spiking activity of the small intestine was reduced as well as the number of complexes produced per day. The activity of the spiral colon was correlated to the blood magnesium concentrations but Mg infusion was unable to restore immediately the motor profile of the rest of the gut to its intitial level. This was done within 2–3 days by changes in the diet in three of the four animals. It is concluded that the motility of the whole digestive tract, including the reticulo-rumen, is modified on a Mg-deficient diet and that hypomagnesemia, involved in the atony of the spiral colon, is only one of the factors responsible for the hypomotility.

Role of stomach in regulation of activities of hypothalamic feeding centers

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Sharma ◽  
B. K. Anand ◽  
S. Dua ◽  
Baldev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Gastric Distention ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Gastric Contractions ◽  
Balloon System

Gastric distention was produced through a water-filled-balloon system and the electrical activity of the hypothalamic "satiety" and "feeding" centers were recorded electroencephalographically through stereotaxically implanted electrodes. Gastric distention leads to production of high voltage irregular waves and occasional spikes, selectively in the region of the satiety centers. Gastric hunger contractions do not change the electrical activity of either feeding or satiety centers. Glucagon does not produce any direct effect on the hypothalamic centers or stomach contractions. Later, when glucagon raises blood glucose and arteriovenous Δ-glucose, activity of satiety centers increases and gastric contractions are inhibited. After lesions of satiety centers, rise in blood glucose with glucagon does not inhibit gastric contractions. Therefore, the inhibition of gastric hunger contractions is a result of activation of satiety centers by increased glucose utilization.

The Electro-Encephalogram in Epilepsy

1937 ◽  
Vol 83 (343) ◽  
pp. 137-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Golla ◽  
S. Graham ◽  
W. Grey Walter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Slow Potential ◽  
Intracranial Neoplasms ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia ◽  
Oxide Anaesthesia

In 1929 Berger (1) discovered that changes of electrical potential in the human brain could be detected through the unopened skull. Since that time the study of electro-encephalography has occupied the attention of many workers, and the literature is already too extensive for adequate review in this place. A brief description of the technique for obtaining an electro-encephalogram, or “EEG”, and a summary of its normal and pathological characters may be found in a communication by one of us (2) on the relation between the EEG and the presence of intracranial neoplasms. The cortex in the region of a tumour was found to produce abnormally slow potential waves, which were provisionally called “delta” (δ) waves to distinguish them from the normal “alpha” (α) waves which are the original “Berger rhythm”. In the same paper a case was reported in which a focus of δ waves was found in the left parieto-occipital region associated with an area of degenerating cortex. The history in this case was of occasional minor attacks and one major fit and an indefinite severe illness in infancy, the only sign being a right homonymous hemianopia in accordance with the left-sided focus. Ether and nitrous oxide anæsthesia are also accompanied by the production of slow waves, but in this condition there is no fixed focus, the whole cortex being engaged in abnormal electrical activity. Since the publication of the above-mentioned results, a case of cerebral abscess has been examined, and the EEG was found to indicate a δ focus similar in character to those which have been found in cases of new growth.

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