scholarly journals The association between body mass index and recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder after the nuclear accident in Fukushima

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Nagai ◽  
Tetsuya Ohira ◽  
Masaharu Maeda ◽  
Seiji Yasumura ◽  
Itaru Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obesity share common risk factors; however, the effect of obesity on recovery from PTSD has not been assessed. We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and recovery from PTSD after the Great East Japan Earthquake. We analyzed 4356 men and women with probable PTSD aged ≥ 16 years who were living in evacuation zones owing to the radiation accident in Fukushima, Japan. Recovery from probable PTSD was defined as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-specific scores < 44. Using Poisson regression with robust error variance adjusted for confounders, we compared the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for this outcome in 2013 and 2014. Compared with point estimates for normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), especially in 2013, those for underweight (BMI: < 18.5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI: ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) tended to slightly increase and decrease, respectively, for recovery from probable PTSD. The multivariate-adjusted PRs (95% CIs) for underweight and obesity were 1.08 (0.88–1.33) and 0.85 (0.68–1.06), respectively, in 2013 and 1.02 (0.82–1.26) and 0.87 (0.69–1.09), respectively, in 2014. The results of the present study showed that obesity may be a useful predictor for probable PTSD recovery. Obese victims with PTSD would require more intensive support and careful follow-up for recovery.

scholarly journals Associations between body mass index, post-traumatic stress disorder, and child maltreatment in young women

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis E. Duncan ◽  
Carolyn E. Sartor ◽  
Melissa Jonson-Reid ◽  
Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff ◽  
Michaela A. Eschenbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Treatment of adult post-traumatic stress disorder using a future-oriented writing therapy approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald D. V. Nixon ◽  
Leonard W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ptsd Severity

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to test whether a future-oriented expressive writing intervention is able to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity and associated symptoms such as depression and unhelpful trauma-related beliefs. In an uncontrolled pre-/ post-design participants attended 8 weeks of manualized therapy. Assessment was undertaken pre- and post-treatment, and participants also completed a 3-month follow-up assessment. Of the 17 participants who began therapy, 13 were treatment completers. Results indicated a significant decrease in PTSD severity, depression and unhelpful trauma-related cognitions from pre- to post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. Clinically meaningful change was more modest; however, three participants reported PTSD remission at 3-month follow-up. It is concluded that expressive writing with a focus on achieving future goals and personal change may have some utility in reducing post-traumatic stress but future research will need to investigate this with greater methodological rigour before firm conclusions can be made.

scholarly journals Psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Mavranezouli ◽  
Odette Megnin-Viggars ◽  
Caitlin Daly ◽  
Sofia Dias ◽  
Nicky J. Welton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractBackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially chronic and disabling disorder affecting a significant minority of people exposed to trauma. Various psychological treatments have been shown to be effective, but their relative effects are not well established.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review and network meta-analyses of psychological interventions for adults with PTSD. Outcomes included PTSD symptom change scores post-treatment and at 1–4-month follow-up, and remission post-treatment.ResultsWe included 90 trials, 6560 individuals and 22 interventions. Evidence was of moderate-to-low quality. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) [standardised mean difference (SMD) −2.07; 95% credible interval (CrI) −2.70 to −1.44], combined somatic/cognitive therapies (SMD −1.69; 95% CrI −2.66 to −0.73), trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) (SMD −1.46; 95% CrI −1.87 to −1.05) and self-help with support (SMD −1.46; 95% CrI −2.33 to −0.59) appeared to be most effective at reducing PTSD symptoms post-treatment v. waitlist, followed by non-TF-CBT, TF-CBT combined with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), SSRIs, self-help without support and counselling. EMDR and TF-CBT showed sustained effects at 1–4-month follow-up. EMDR, TF-CBT, self-help with support and counselling improved remission rates post-treatment. Results for other interventions were either inconclusive or based on limited evidence.ConclusionsEMDR and TF-CBT appear to be most effective at reducing symptoms and improving remission rates in adults with PTSD. They are also effective at sustaining symptom improvements beyond treatment endpoint. Further research needs to explore the long-term comparative effectiveness of psychological therapies for adults with PTSD and also the impact of severity and complexity of PTSD on treatment outcomes.

Prior disclosure and emotional expression: Interactive effects on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung Y Chen ◽  
Min C Kao
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Processing ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Religious Trauma

Background Previous research has revealed mixed findings with regard to the effects of disclosure on trauma recovery. More recently, studies on psychological trauma have found associations among religion, meaning, and health. This study investigated prior disclosure as a moderator for the association between religious emotional expression and adaptive trauma processing, as measured by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods Using Pennebaker’s written emotional expression paradigm, 105 participants were assigned to either a conventional trauma-writing condition or religious trauma-writing condition. PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline and again at one-month post writing. Results A two-way interaction was found between prior disclosure and writing condition on PTSD symptoms at follow-up. For the religious trauma-writing condition only, there was a significant difference between low versus high disclosure participants in PTSD symptoms at follow-up, such that low prior disclosure participants registered fewer PTSD symptoms than high prior disclosure participants, while prior disclosure did not have such effect in the conventional trauma-writing condition. Limitations: This two-way interaction may be further qualified by other important psychosocial variables, such as differences in personality, coping style, social support, or use of prayer as a form of disclosure, which were not assessed in this study. Conclusion Religious emotional expression may encourage adaptive trauma processing, especially for individuals with low prior disclosure. These findings encourage further investigation of the conditions under which disclosure and religion may be a beneficial factor in trauma adaptation and treatment.

scholarly journals Prolonged exposure therapy and supportive counselling for post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents: task-shifting randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaco Rossouw ◽  
Elna Yadin ◽  
Debra Alexander ◽  
Soraya Seedat
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Supportive Counselling ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ptsd Symptom Severity

BackgroundEmpirical evidence on the effectiveness of evidence-based treatments for adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource settings is needed.AimsTo evaluate the comparative effectiveness of prolonged exposure and supportive counselling in adolescents with PTSD.MethodSixty-three adolescents (13–18 years) with PTSD were randomly assigned to receive either of the interventions comprising 7–14 sessions of treatment (trial registration in the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201511001345372). The primary outcome measure was PTSD symptom severity, as independently assessed on the Child PTSD Symptom Scale at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.ResultsParticipants receiving prolonged exposure experienced greater improvement on the PTSD symptom severity scale than those receiving supportive counselling (between group differences at post-intervention, mean 12.49, 95% CI 6.82–18.17, P<0.001; d = 1.22). A similar effect size was maintained at 3-month (d = 0.85) and 6-month (d = 1.02) follow-up assessments.ConclusionsAdolescents with PTSD experienced greater benefit from prolonged exposure treatment when provided by non-specialist health workers (nurses) in a community setting.Declaration of interestNone.

Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Exacerbation of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomology

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objective: The following case report and discussion is intended to increase awareness of the difficulties in diagnosing pheochromocytoma when a primary psychiatric diagnosis is first suspected. Method: The case of a middle-aged combat veteran who was admitted with agitation and flashbacks is presented. Episodes of hypertension were initially believed to be related to agitation or alcohol withdrawal. When the hypertensive episodes persisted, further evaluation revealed a pheochromocytoma. In three years' follow-up since removal of the tumor, the patient has shown considerable improvement in the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Conclusions: Pheochromocytoma should be considered in patients with psychiatric disorders if a pattern of hypertensive episodes persists or worsens. The case highlights the importance of medical evaluation in patients presenting with psychiatric complaints.

scholarly journals A prospective study of pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2571-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wild ◽  
K. V. Smith ◽  
E. Thompson ◽  
F. Béar ◽  
M. J. J. Lommen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundIt is unclear which potentially modifiable risk factors best predict post-trauma psychiatric disorders. We aimed to identify pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression (MD) that could be targeted with resilience interventions.MethodNewly recruited paramedics (n = 453) were assessed for history of mental disorders with structured clinical interviews within the first week of their paramedic training and completed self-report measures to assess hypothesized predictors. Participants were assessed every 4 months for 2 years to identify any episodes of PTSD and MD; 386 paramedics (85.2%) participated in the follow-up interviews.ResultsIn all, 32 participants (8.3%) developed an episode of PTSD and 41 (10.6%) an episode of MD during follow-up. In all but nine cases (2.3%), episodes had remitted by the next assessment 4 months later. At 2 years, those with episodes of PTSD or MD during follow-up reported more days off work, poorer sleep, poorer quality of life, greater burn-out; and greater weight-gain for those with PTSD. In line with theories of PTSD and depression, analyses controlling for psychiatric and trauma history identified several pre-trauma predictors (cognitive styles, coping styles and psychological traits). Logistic regressions showed that rumination about memories of stressful events at the start of training uniquely predicted an episode of PTSD. Perceived resilience uniquely predicted an episode of MD.ConclusionsParticipants at risk of developing episodes of PTSD or depression could be identified within the first week of paramedic training. Cognitive predictors of episodes of PTSD and MD are promising targets for resilience interventions.

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