Relieve Labor Pain With Hypno Prenatal and Prenatal Yoga

Pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes that every woman will go through. The intensity of pain experienced by women during labor varies, but it can be exacerbated by fear, tension, and anxiety. Hypnosis techniques have been proposed as a means of overcoming anxiety and fear. Compared to women who receive relaxation training or supportive counselling, hypnosis reduces pain intensity, shortens delivery time, and reduces the number of women who stay in the hospital for more than two days after their baby is born. Yoga during pregnancy, like hypnosis, has been shown to reduce pain intensity during the first stage of labor. This research aimed to see how prenatal hypnosis and prenatal yoga affected labor pain in women giving birth at the Independent Practice of Midwife Meli Rosita Palembang. This study employs an experimental research design with a Static Group Comparison strategy. The sample in this study consisted of 60 pregnant women divided into two groups: those who received hypnosis and prenatal yoga interventions and those who did not. Questionnaires, checklists, and tutorials on implementing prenatal hypnosis and prenatal yoga were used as instruments. Prenatal hypnosis and prenatal yoga significantly affected labor pain in Maternal Maternity at Meli Rosita's Independent Midwife Practice (p-value 0.000). The intervention group had a pain scale average of 2.70, while the control group had a pain scale average of 4.33. As a result, a combination of prenatal hypnosis and prenatal yoga can alleviate labor pain.

Increasing access to cognitive–behavioural therapy for patients with psychosis by evaluating the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of brief, targeted cognitive–behavioural therapy for distressing voices delivered by assistant psychologists: the GiVE2 trial

Background Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is recommended for all patients with psychosis, but is offered to only a minority. This is attributable, in part, to the resource-intensive nature of CBT for psychosis. Responses have included the development of CBT for psychosis in brief and targeted formats, and its delivery by briefly trained therapists. This study explored a combination of these responses by investigating a brief, CBT-informed intervention targeted at distressing voices (the GiVE intervention) administered by a briefly trained workforce of assistant psychologists. Aims To explore the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the GiVE intervention when delivered by assistant psychologists to patients with psychosis. Method This was a three-arm, feasibility, randomised controlled trial comparing the GiVE intervention, a supportive counselling intervention and treatment as usual, recruiting across two sites, with 1:1:1 allocation and blind post-treatment and follow-up assessments. Results Feasibility outcomes were favourable with regard to the recruitment and retention of participants and the adherence of assistant psychologists to therapy and supervision protocols. For the candidate primary outcomes, estimated effects were in favour of GiVE compared with supportive counselling and treatment as usual at post-treatment. At follow-up, estimated effects were in favour of supportive counselling compared with GiVE and treatment as usual, and GiVE compared with treatment as usual. Conclusions A definitive trial of the GiVE intervention, delivered by assistant psychologists, is feasible. Adaptations to the GiVE intervention and the design of any future trials may be necessary.

Psychological Interventions

Psychological interventions to promote the quality of life in people with neurodevelopmental difficulties have a range of targets and are not confined to reducing the symptoms. This chapter will describe methods and the trial evidence for them according to their purposes. Explanation and psychoeducation are key methods of helping children, young people, and their families to understand their condition and the limitations it imposes. Symptomatic interventions for tics, hallucinations, impaired impulse control, and disorganization are often applied outside the limitations of single diagnostic categories. Other approaches aim to teach skills to help transdiagnostically with associated problems such as communication difficulties, anxiety, aggression, and self-injury. Yet others aim to alleviate adverse environments, such as isolation from peers, which are encountered by people with any or all of the disorders described in this book. The interventions used include supportive counselling, behavioural techniques, and cognitive methods to create change. Many have been evaluated by controlled trial, and the results will be described as the evidence base to establish which therapies, and for which children, should be priorities for health, education, and care services to provide.

The effect of motivational interviewing on ambivalence in social anxiety disorder

Background: One reason that motivational interviewing (MI) is thought to translate well to a variety of treatment domains is due to the focus on client ambivalence. Aims: Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the construct of ambivalence in the context of MI and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Method: Participants were 147 individuals diagnosed with SAD who were randomised to receive either MI or supportive counselling prior to receiving group CBT for SAD. Results: The results suggested that MI was not related to decreases in general ambivalence or treatment ambivalence, although an indicator of treatment ambivalence was found to predict worse treatment outcome. Conclusions: The findings suggest that three sessions of MI prior to CBT may not decrease ambivalence in participants with SAD, which may underscore the potential importance of tackling ambivalence as it arises during CBT.

Carers and dementia

Family carers are vitally important to sustaining the quality of people with dementia, providing over half of dementia care. This chapter reviews the experience of family carers and how they can be supported. Carers face many transitions as dementia develops but generally caring has a broad impact on carers’ lives, affecting fulfilment of needs in a range of ways both practical and relational. Caring carries burden and mental health consequences with around 30% carers becoming depressed, however, it also provokes gains and satisfactions. A number of models are available to assist understanding, focused on stress, appraisal and coping, grief, and positive aspects. A range of interventions including psycho-educational programmes, skills training, supportive counselling, cognitive behavioural therapies, and multi-component programmes can reduce carer stress. Interventions that are effective involve the person with dementia and the carer, are flexible enough to be individually tailored and are intensive or involve active participation.

Long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of prolonged exposure therapy and supportive counselling for post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents: a task-shifted intervention

Background Empirical evidence on the longer-term effectiveness of evidence-based treatments for adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource settings is needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the maintenance of treatment gains achieved in a comparative study of effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy for adolescents (PE-A) and supportive counselling (SC) in adolescents with PTSD up to 24-months post-treatment. Method Sixty-three adolescents (13–18 years) with PTSD were randomly assigned to receive either of the interventions comprising 7–14 sessions of treatment provided by trained and supervised non-specialist health workers (NSHWs). The primary outcome measure was PTSD symptom severity, as independently assessed on the Child PTSD Symptom Scale, at pretreatment, post-treatment, and at 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-months post-treatment follow-up (FU) evaluations. Results Participants in both the prolonged exposure and SC treatment groups attained a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms and maintained this reduction in PTSD symptoms at 12- and 24-month assessment. Participants receiving prolonged exposure experienced greater improvement on the PTSD symptom severity scale than those receiving SC at 12-months FU [difference in PE-A v. SC mean scores = 9.24, 95% CI (3.66–14.83), p < 0.001; g = 0.88] and at 24-months FU [difference in PE-A v. SC mean scores = 9.35, 95% CI (3.53–15.17), p = 0.002; g = 0.68]. Conclusions Adolescents with PTSD continued to experience greater benefit from prolonged exposure treatment than SC provided by NSHWs in a community setting 12 and 24 months after completion of treatment.

Supportive counselling is ineffective for managing PTSD in youth

More than half of children and young people are exposed to potentially traumatic events,and a significant minority of those exposed go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because PTSD can be chronic, it can have a notable impact on child development, as well as social, academic and occupational function - it is therefore imperative that effective treatments are identified and prioritized.