scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy and phylogeography of Telenomus remus (Scelionidae), with the first record of natural parasitism of Spodoptera spp. in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. G. S. Wengrat ◽  
Aloisio Coelho Junior ◽  
Jose R. P. Parra ◽  
Tamara A. Takahashi ◽  
Luis A. Foerster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Telenomus Remus ◽  
Natural Parasitism

AbstractThe egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) has been investigated for classical and applied biological control of noctuid pests, especially Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) species. Although T. remus was introduced into Brazil over three decades ago for classical biological control of S. frugiperda, this wasp has not been recorded as established in corn or soybean crops. We used an integrative approach to identify T. remus, combining a taxonomic key based on the male genitalia with DNA barcoding, using a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene fragment. This is the first report of natural parasitism of T. remus on S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides eggs at two locations in Brazil. We also confirmed that the T. remus lineage in Brazil derives from a strain in Venezuela (originally from Papua New Guinea and introduced into the Americas, Africa, and Asia). The occurrence of T. remus parasitizing S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides eggs in field conditions, not associated with inundative releases, suggests that the species has managed to establish itself in the field in Brazil. This opens possibilities for future biological control programs, since T. remus shows good potential for mass rearing and egg parasitism of important agricultural pests such as Spodoptera species.

scholarly journals Telenomus remus, a Candidate Parasitoid for the Biological Control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already Present on the Continent

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kenis ◽  
Hannalene du Plessis ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg ◽  
Malick Ba ◽  
Georg Goergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Augmentative Biological Control ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Telenomus Remus

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a moth originating from tropical and subtropical America, has recently become a serious pest of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Biological control offers an economically and environmentally safer alternative to synthetic insecticides that are being used for the management of this pest. Consequently, various biological control options are being considered, including the introduction of Telenomus remus, the main egg parasitoid of S. frugiperda in the Americas, where it is already used in augmentative biological control programmes. During surveys in South, West, and East Africa, parasitized egg masses of S. frugiperda were collected, and the emerged parasitoids were identified through morphological observations and molecular analyses as T. remus. The presence of T. remus in Africa in at least five countries provides a great opportunity to develop augmentative biological control methods and register the parasitoid against S. frugiperda. Surveys should be carried out throughout Africa to assess the present distribution of T. remus on the continent, and the parasitoid could be re-distributed in the regions where it is absent, following national and international regulations. Classical biological control should focus on the importation of larval parasitoids from the Americas.

scholarly journals The use of Telenomus remus (Nixon, 1937) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in the management of Spodoptera spp.: potential, challenges and major benefits

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelitza Coromoto Colmenarez ◽  
Dirk Babendreier ◽  
Francisco Ramón Ferrer Wurst ◽  
Carlos Luis Vásquez-Freytez ◽  
Adeney de Freitas Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), also known as fall armyworm (FAW) is a polyphagous pest which can cause significant losses and is considered a global threat to different crops and a risk to food security. Currently, in maize, the pest is predominantly controlled by pesticides or transgenic events. However, the use of biological control agents is considered the most sustainable and preferred method of control, providing high effectiveness. Among the various natural enemies reported for FAW, the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus has gained most interest, and has been mass released against FAW in the Americas for many years. In addition to FAW, other armyworms of the genus Spodoptera often cause high crop damage and may be controlled using T. remus. Among other important aspects, this paper presents a review on T. remus mass rearing techniques, estimated costs of mass production, and release strategies. Due to the recent invasion of FAW in Africa, Asia, and Australia T. remus provides good opportunities for the establishment of an augmentative biological control program, reinforcing sustainable production of major crops such as maize in affected countries.

scholarly journals Natural parasitism of Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): new record from Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Morais Turchen ◽  
Vanessa Golin ◽  
Bruna Magda Favetti ◽  
Alessandra Regina Butnariu ◽  
Valmir Antônio Costa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Record ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
First Record ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Natural Parasitism

The neotropical stink brown bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an insect pest to soybean crops in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In this region, synthetic insecticides are frequently used for insect control. An alternative to the indiscriminate use of insecticides is the biological control with parasitoids. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct the survey of parasitoids that use E. heros adults as hosts. Random samples were conducted during the harvests of 2009/10 and 2010/11 in two farms that produce soybean (conventional system) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The total number of collected E. heros was: 297 (Field 1) and 293 (Field 2) in 2009/10 and 295 (Field 1) and 376 (Field 2) in 2010/11. Of these, 1.50 (Field 1) and 13.99% (Field 2) were parasitized in 2009/10 and 8.47 (Field 1) and 7.45% (Field 2) in 2010/11. The parasitoids found were Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in both fields. This is the first record of parasitism in E. heros adults in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

scholarly journals Implementing Mass Rearing of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Cold-Stored Host Eggs

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Barbara Bittau ◽  
Maria Luisa Dindo ◽  
Giovanni Burgio ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Kim Alan Hoelmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Promising Solution

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a pest of Asian origin, has been causing severe damage to Italian agriculture. The application of classical biological control by the release of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an exotic egg parasitoid, appears to be one promising solution. In Italy, releases of T. japonicus in the field were authorized in 2020. In this study, some parameters that could influence the rearing of T. japonicus in insectaries were investigated. A significantly higher production of progeny was observed on host eggs stored at 6 °C (86.5%) compared to −24 °C (48.8%) for up to two months prior to exposure to parasitism. There were no significant differences in progeny production from single females in a vial provided with only one egg mass (83.2%) or 10 females inside a cage with 6 egg masses (83.9%). The exposure of parasitoids to refrigerated (6 °C) egg masses of H. halys for 72 h led to a significantly higher production of progeny (62.1%) compared to shorter exposures for 48 (44.0%) or 24 h (37.1%). A decline in production of progeny by the same female was detected between the first (62.1%) and the second parasitization (41.3%). Adult parasitoids stored at 16 °C for up to 90 days had an 87.1% survival rate, but a significant decrease in progeny production was detected. These parameters could be adjusted when rearing T. japonicus for specific aims such as the production of individuals for field release or colony maintenance.

scholarly journals Population genetics of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and implications for biological control

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Lavagnini ◽  
A. C. Morales ◽  
S. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Amova Analysis

Abstract Green lacewings are insects with great potential to be use in the biological control of agricultural pests, but relatively few studies have attempted to understand the genetic structure of these agents, especially those of predatory insects. The purpose of this study was to characterize genetically populations of C. externa using sequences of subunit I of the cytochrome oxidase, a mitochondrial gene, and examine the population structure of this species in sampled areas in São Paulo state. The results indicate high genetic diversity but no genetic structure, detected by AMOVA analysis, and high levels of haplotype sharing in the network. These genetic patterns could be a consequence of environmental homogeneity provided by agroecosystem (citrus orchard), allowing gene flow among populations. Probably there is a unique population in the area sampled that could be used as a population (genetic) source for mass-reared and posterior release in these farms.

The control of Nezara viridula L. with introduced egg parasitoids in Australia. A review of a 'landmark' example of classical biological control

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Trissolcus Basalis ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Information

The history of Nezara viridula egg parasitoid introductions into Australia is critically reviewed. Using largely unpublished file material information is presented on the source of parasitoids, specific identification of parasitoids, numbers of parasitoids reared and released, and establishment and effects in the field. At least four species of egg parasitoids, in three genera, have been introduced and liberated into Australia since biological control efforts were first begun in 1933. There are records of 11 introductions involving Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Egypt 1933; West Indies 1952-53; South Africa 1980; Brazil 1980; U.S.A. 1979-8 l), Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Japan l962), Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Howard) (West Indies 1952-53), and Telenomus chloropus (Thomson) (Japan 1962; Japan via U.S.A. 1980). Doubt is cast on the specific status of introductions from Italy (1956) and Pakistan (1 961), which are recorded in the literature as T, basalis. Evidence is presented that there is currently not enough information available to determine the specific classifications of these importations. Three programs in which Australian field populations of Trissolcus were bred and released elsewhere in Australia are also recorded. Post-release evaluation of introduced N. viridula egg parasitoids in Australia is reviewed. It is proposed that there is only circumstantial evidence to support the claim that N. viridula is under 'good' biological control by T. basalis in Australia. Areas of investigation that are of the most significance to current workers in N. viridula biological control are highlighted in the discussion.

scholarly journals Trissolcus hyalinipennis Rajmohana & Narendran (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), a parasitoid of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), emerges in North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Marie-Claude Bon ◽  
Brian V. Brown ◽  
Lisa Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
In The Wild

TrissolcushyalinipennisRajmohana & Narendran is an Old World egg parasitoid ofBagradahilaris(Burmeister). Its potential as a classical biological control agent in the United States has been under evaluation in quarantine facilities since 2014. A survey of resident egg parasitoids using fresh sentinelB.hilariseggs in Riverside, California, revealed thatT.hyalinipennisis present in the wild. Four cards with parasitized eggs were recovered, from which one yielded a single liveT.hyalinipennisand two unidentified dead wasps (Scelionidae), and three yielded twenty liveTrissolcusbasalis(Wollaston) and one dead wasp. Subsequently, samples from Burbank, California, collected with a Malaise trap as part of the BioSCAN project, yielded five females ofT.hyalinipennis. It is presumed that the introduction ofT.hyalinipennisto this area was accidental. Surveys will be continued to evaluate the establishment ofT.hyalinipennisas well as the presence of other resident parasitoid species.

Nontarget Host Risk Assessment of the Egg Parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for Classical Biological Control of the False Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Israel

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027
Author(s):  
Roy Kaspi ◽  
Hadass Steinitz ◽  
Esther Nemny-Lavi ◽  
Galina Lebedev ◽  
Ester Melamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Lepidopteran Species ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Epiblema Strenuana ◽  
False Codling Moth

Abstract The false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick), is an invasive species in Israel. In order to carry out a classical biological control program, the African egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae (Nagaraja) was recently introduced into Israel, and nontarget host risk assessment was performed as required. In no-choice tests we determined that T. cryptophlebiae was unable to develop in eggs of four nontarget Lepidopteran species: Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), Spodoptora littoralis (Boisduval), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), and Belenois aurota (Fabricius). Conversely, it developed in three Lepidopteran species eggs of the Tortricidae family: Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller), and Epiblema strenuana (Walker). Epiblema strenuana eggs showed the lowest parasitism level among all tested moth eggs of the Tortricidae family. The progeny production of parasitized false codling moth eggs was similar to that of C. pomonella eggs, but smaller than that of L. botrana eggs. However, moth egg and parasitoid clutch sizes were smallest on L. botrana eggs and largest on C. pomonella eggs. In choice bioassays, T. cryptophlebiae significantly preferred to parasitize T. leucotreta eggs over the eggs of C. pomonella, L. botrana, and E. strenuana. Moreover, the choice of T. leucotreta eggs over the eggs of L. botrana was not affected by the parasitoids’ rearing histories. Our data support the assumption that T. cryptophlebiae develops only in moth species of the Tortricidae family. Thus, the risk that it may attack nontarget species is low.

Physiological Host Range of Trissolcus Mitsukurii, A Candidate Biological Control Agent of Halyomorpha Halys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Giovannini ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Leonardo Marianelli ◽  
Gabriele Rondoni ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug

Abstract The invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys is a severe agricultural pest of worldwide importance, and chemical insecticides are largely sprayed for the control of its populations. Negative impacts and several failures in chemical pest management led to consider classical biological control as one of the most promising methods in a long-term perspective. The Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is the main candidate biocontrol agent of H. halys, but more recently a second Asian egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, is getting attention after adventive populations were found on H. halys egg masses in Europe. Before recommending the use of T. mitsukurii for biological control of H. halys, a risk analysis is necessary and therefore here we present the first study on the fundamental physiological host range of this parasitoid in Europe. Tests conducted with T. mitsukurii on different hemipterans, using three different experimental designs, revealed a broad physiological host range, comparable with the host range displayed by T. japonicus under similar laboratory conditions. Specifically, in addition to its coevolved host H. halys, T. mitsukurii successfully parasitized the majority of tested pentatomid species and one scutellerid, although with highly variable emergence rates. Host egg sizes positively affected parasitoid size and female egg load. Further studies, testing more complex systems that involve olfactory cues from host and host plants, will simulate different aspects of the parasitoid host location behavior under field conditions, allowing in-depth evaluation of the possible risks associated with the use of T. mitsukurii as a biocontrol agent of H. halys.

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