A troubling designer drug

Lab Animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Designer Drug

scholarly journals Sympathetic Enhancement of Memory T-Cell Homing and Hypertension Sensitization

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Xiao ◽  
Luciana Simao do Carmo ◽  
Jason D. Foss ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
David G. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Designer Drug ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cell Homing

Rationale: Effector memory T lymphocytes (T EM cells) exacerbate hypertension in response to repeated hypertensive stimuli. These cells reside in the bone marrow for prolonged periods and can be reactivated on reexposure to the hypertensive stimulus. Objective: Because hypertension is associated with increased sympathetic outflow to the bone marrow, we hypothesized that sympathetic nerves regulate accumulation and reactivation of bone marrow–residing hypertension-specific T EM cells. Methods and Results: Using unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, we showed that sympathetic nerves create a bone marrow environment that supports residence of hypertension-specific CD8 + T cells. These cells, defined by their proliferative response on coculture with dendritic cells from Ang (angiotensin) II–infused mice, were reduced in denervated compared with innervated bone of Ang II–infused mice. Adoptively transferred CD8 + T cells from Ang II–infused mice preferentially homed to innervated compared with denervated bone. In contrast, ovalbumin responsive T cells from OT-I mice did not exhibit this preferential homing. Increasing superior cervical ganglion activity by activating Gq-coupled designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug augmented CD8 + T EM bone marrow accumulation. Adoptive transfer studies using mice lacking β2AR (β2 adrenergic receptors) indicate that β2AR in the bone marrow niche, rather than T-cell β2AR is critical for T EM cell homing. Inhibition of global sympathetic outflow using Gi-coupled DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug) injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla or treatment with a β2AR antagonist reduced hypertension-specific CD8 + T EM cells in the bone marrow and reduced the hypertensive response to a subsequent response to low dose Ang II. Conclusions: Sympathetic nerves contribute to the homing and survival of hypertension-specific T EM cells in the bone marrow after they are formed in hypertension. Inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity and β2AR blockade reduces these cells and prevents the blood pressure elevation and renal inflammation on reexposure to hypertension stimuli.

Identification and characterization of a new designer drug thiothinone in seized products

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veniero Gambaro ◽  
Eleonora Casagni ◽  
Lucia Dell’Acqua ◽  
Gabriella Roda ◽  
Lucia Tamborini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Designer Drug ◽  
Identification And Characterization

An Outbreak of Designer Drug—Related Deaths in Pennsylvania

JAMA ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 265 (8) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hibbs
Keyword(s):  
Designer Drug

Thein vivoandin vitrometabolism and the detectability in urine of 3’,4’-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MDPBP), a new pyrrolidinophenone-type designer drug, studied by GC-MS and LC-MSn

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 746-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus R. Meyer ◽  
Sandra Mauer ◽  
Golo M. J. Meyer ◽  
Julia Dinger ◽  
Birgit Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Designer Drug

CBL-2201. Report on a new designer drug: Napht-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate

2015 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kondrasenko ◽  
E.V. Goncharov ◽  
K.P. Dugaev ◽  
A.I. Rubaylo
Keyword(s):  
Designer Drug

scholarly journals Hallucinogen-Like Action of the Novel Designer Drug 25I-NBOMe and Its Effect on Cortical Neurotransmitters in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Herian ◽  
Adam Wojtas ◽  
Katarzyna Kamińska ◽  
Paweł Świt ◽  
Anna Wach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Designer Drug ◽  
The Novel

A novel designer drug, 25N-NBOMe, exhibits abuse potential via the dopaminergic system in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee-Yeon Seo ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Hur ◽  
Yong-Hyun Ko ◽  
Kyungin Kim ◽  
Bo-Ram Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Abuse Potential ◽  
Designer Drug

scholarly journals Identification of the designer benzodiazepine 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (flualprazolam) in an anesthesia robbery case

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Qian ◽  
Cuimei Liu ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Qingqing Deng ◽  
Zhendong Hua
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Designer Drug ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Emerging Compounds ◽  
Analytical Properties

Abstract Purpose This publication reports analytical properties of the designer benzodiazepine 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (flualprazolam) seized in an anesthesia robbery case. Methods The target compound was identified by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results We could obtain detailed analytical data of flualprazolam—a new designer benzodiazepine available on the designer drug market. Conclusions More designer benzodiazepines have been detected and seized on the illegal drug scene as new psychoactive substances during the last 5 years. In this study, we presented analytical data of flualprazolam to assist forensic laboratories that encounter these newly emerging compounds in casework. This is the first report on this compound in illegal products.

scholarly journals Viral vector-based tools advance knowledge of basal ganglia anatomy and physiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 2124-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Sizemore ◽  
Sonja Seeger-Armbruster ◽  
Stephanie M. Hughes ◽  
Louise C. Parr-Brownlie
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Designer Drugs ◽  
Designer Drug ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
New Treatments

Viral vectors were originally developed to deliver genes into host cells for therapeutic potential. However, viral vector use in neuroscience research has increased because they enhance interpretation of the anatomy and physiology of brain circuits compared with conventional tract tracing or electrical stimulation techniques. Viral vectors enable neuronal or glial subpopulations to be labeled or stimulated, which can be spatially restricted to a single target nucleus or pathway. Here we review the use of viral vectors to examine the structure and function of motor and limbic basal ganglia (BG) networks in normal and pathological states. We outline the use of viral vectors, particularly lentivirus and adeno-associated virus, in circuit tracing, optogenetic stimulation, and designer drug stimulation experiments. Key studies that have used viral vectors to trace and image pathways and connectivity at gross or ultrastructural levels are reviewed. We explain how optogenetic stimulation and designer drugs used to modulate a distinct pathway and neuronal subpopulation have enhanced our mechanistic understanding of BG function in health and pathophysiology in disease. Finally, we outline how viral vector technology may be applied to neurological and psychiatric conditions to offer new treatments with enhanced outcomes for patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document