scholarly journals Persistent biotic interactions of a Gondwanan conifer from Cretaceous Patagonia to modern Malesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Donovan ◽  
Peter Wilf ◽  
Ari Iglesias ◽  
N. Rubén Cúneo ◽  
Conrad C. Labandeira
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Ecological Guilds ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Fungal Damage ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Early Paleocene

AbstractMany plant genera in the tropical West Pacific are survivors from the paleo-rainforests of Gondwana. For example, the oldest fossils of the Malesian and Australasian conifer Agathis (Araucariaceae) come from the early Paleocene and possibly latest Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina (West Gondwana). However, it is unknown whether dependent ecological guilds or lineages of associated insects and fungi persisted on Gondwanan host plants like Agathis through time and space. We report insect-feeding and fungal damage on Patagonian Agathis fossils from four latest Cretaceous to middle Eocene floras spanning ca. 18 Myr and compare it with damage on extant Agathis. Very similar damage was found on fossil and modern Agathis, including blotch mines representing the first known Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary crossing leaf-mine association, external foliage feeding, galls, possible armored scale insect (Diaspididae) covers, and a rust fungus (Pucciniales). The similar suite of damage, unique to fossil and extant Agathis, suggests persistence of ecological guilds and possibly the component communities associated with Agathis since the late Mesozoic, implying host tracking of the genus across major plate movements that led to survival at great distances. The living associations, mostly made by still-unknown culprits, point to previously unrecognized biodiversity and evolutionary history in threatened rainforest ecosystems.

Molecular Phylogenetic Placement of the Recently Described Armored Scale Insect Abgrallaspis aguacatae and Several Congeners (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Rugman-Jones ◽  
Jeremy C. Andersen ◽  
Joseph G. Morse ◽  
Benjamin B. Normark ◽  
Richard Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The First Record of the Rust Fungus (Pucciniales) Spores from Middle Eocene Sakhalinian Amber

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Yu. Ya. Tykhonenko ◽  
V. P. Hayova ◽  
M. N. Sukhomlyn ◽  
M. S. Ignatov ◽  
D. V. Vasilenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
First Record

scholarly journals Early Palaeogene planktic foraminiferal and carbon isotope stratigraphy, Hole 762C, Exmouth Plateau, northwest Australian margin

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidi J. L. Hancock ◽  
George C. Chaproniere ◽  
Gerald R. Dickens ◽  
Robert A. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Exmouth Plateau ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Sequential Samples ◽  
Early Paleocene

Abstract. Although the northwest margin of Australia is an important region for petroleum exploration and palaeoceanographic investigations, its Palaeogene stratigraphy is poorly documented, especially in terms of a foraminiferal biozonation. Early Palaeogene cores from 502.96 to 307.80 m below sea floor at Ocean Drilling Program Site 762 on the Exmouth Plateau were examined in this study for their planktic foraminiferal assemblages and the carbon isotopic compositions of Subbotina spp. Planktic foraminifera are generally well preserved and belong to 74 species and 17 genera. In spite of a mid-latitudinal palaeolatitude (c. 40°S) the sequence, deposited between the early Paleocene and Middle Eocene, contains all planktic foraminiferal Zones P1c through P10 of the current global scheme for tropical locations, except for Subzone P4b. Most zones are well defined by the datums of primary marker species except P3a and P9, which have boundaries that probably occur in core gaps, and the P9 zonal boundaries are defined by secondary marker species. Overall, variations in δ13C based on sequential samples of Subbotina are similar in pattern and magnitude to global summary isotope curves spanning the early Palaeogene. However, the prominent δ13C excursion that characterizes the Palaeocene/Eocene transition is mostly missing and appears to lie in a core gap. The planktic foraminiferal zonation, linked with that based on nannofossils, a recalibrated magnetostratigraphy and carbon isotope records, provides a robust temporal framework for the Early Palaeogene of the northwest margin of Australia.

scholarly journals Two new species of <i>Mennerotodus</i> Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Fossil Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
David J. Cicimurri ◽  
Jun A. Ebersole ◽  
George Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Early Paleocene

Abstract. Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994, is an extinct lamniform shark known to occur in Paleogene strata of the Tethyan region of Asia and Europe. Although only a single species has been named, multiple subspecies have been erected and used as biostratigraphic tools in Asia. The genus has not been reported with confidence outside of the Tethyan region, but we have identified two new species of Mennerotodus from Paleogene deposits of the southeastern United States. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. is described by teeth occurring in the lower Paleocene (Danian Stage) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation of southern Alabama. A middle Eocene (Bartonian) species, Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov., is based on material occurring in the Clinchfield Formation in central Georgia. The early Paleocene record could indicate a North American origin for Mennerotodus relatively soon after the K–Pg event, with subsequent radiation to other parts of the world. The genus is likely more widely distributed than is currently known, but teeth can easily be overlooked due to their similarity to other taxa.

scholarly journals Recent Status of Pests and Diseases on Cut Roses in Batu East Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Wahyu Handayati ◽  
Donald Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Crown Gall ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in Indonesia. Almost 57.02% of the national cut rose’s demand was supplied from East Java, mainly from Batu. However, in the production process, there are various problems, especially pest and disease damages. In this regard, a study was conducted to determine recent status of the pests and diseases on roses in cultivation center of Batu, East Java. Observation was carried out in the farmers’ field randomly, from October to December 2014. Observation was performed on type and damage intensity of the pests and diseases. The pests and plant damage were sampled for further identification. An interview was made with some farmers to get secondary data about the type and the importance of the pests and diseases as well as the effort for controlling them. The result showed that some pests and diseases found included aphid, armored scale insect, spider mite, thrips, black spot, crown gall and powdery mildew. Based on morphological identification, there were two families of armored scale insect, i.e., Coccidae and Diaspidae. The highest damage intensity was due to armored scale insect, thrips, black spot and crown gall with the percentage of damage intensities of 50.50%, 20.00%, 45.50% and 65.00%, respectively. Based on those data, scale insect, thrips, black spot and crown gall were classified as important pests and diseases on roses in this area. Some pesticides and other materials like petroleum oil and detergent were used by the farmers to control either pests or diseases, but they were ineffective, especially in controlling armored scale insect and crown gall. Keywords: Cut roses, pest, disease, inventory, observation, status

DNA barcodes for two scale insect families, mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-S. Park ◽  
S.-J. Suh ◽  
P.D.N. Hebert ◽  
H.-W. Oh ◽  
K.-J. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Effective System

AbstractAlthough DNA barcode coverage has grown rapidly for many insect orders, there are some groups, such as scale insects, where sequence recovery has been difficult. However, using a recently developed primer set, we recovered barcode records from 373 specimens, providing coverage for 75 species from 31 genera in two families. Overall success was >90% for mealybugs and >80% for armored scale species. The G·C content was very low in most species, averaging just 16.3%. Sequence divergences (K2P) between congeneric species averaged 10.7%, while intra-specific divergences averaged 0.97%. However, the latter value was inflated by high intra-specific divergence in nine taxa, cases that may indicate species overlooked by current taxonomic treatments. Our study establishes the feasibility of developing a comprehensive barcode library for scale insects and indicates that its construction will both create an effective system for identifying scale insects and reveal taxonomic situations worthy of deeper analysis.

scholarly journals MICROTUBULES IN RELATION TO THE MOTILITY OF A SPERM SYNCYTIUM IN AN ARMORED SCALE INSECT

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gerald Robison
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Nuclear Core ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Outside Diameter

Male scale insects of the species Parlatoria oleae Colvée (Homoptera: Coccoidea) produce motile sperm bundles. The bundle is a syncytium consisting of 10 to 20 closely packed, filamentous spermatozoa, which share a common cytoplasm and are enclosed in a common membrane. The individual spermatozoon is not surrounded by a plasma membrane, but is delimited by a scroll-like sheath composed of 45 to 50 microtubules. The microtubules run parallel to the long axis of the spermatozoon and are arranged in a spiral pattern as seen in transection. The outside diameter measures approximately 140 to 220 A and the inside diameter, 70 to 100 A. The spermatozoon is about 300 µ long and tapers gradually from a diameter of approximately 0.3 µ anteriorly to 0.1 µ posteriorly. The anterior half (150 µ) has a threadlike core of chromatin about 0.07 µ in diameter. A homogeneous cytoplasm surrounds the nuclear core and fills the posterior half of the spermatozoon. Neither osmium tetroxide nor glutaraldehyde fixation revealed the presence of a nuclear envelope, acrosomal membranes, mitochondria, flagellum, or centrioles. In spite of the apparent lack of orthodox cell organelles, the spermatozoon is actively motile upon release from the bundle. It exhibits capactiy for motility throughout its entire length. Since the sheath of microtubules is the only structure which extends the full length of the spermatozoon, it probably plays a significant role in spermatozoan motility.

scholarly journals The origins and Paleogene history of modern plant communities

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
David R. Greenwood ◽  
Margaret E. Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Middle Latitude ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temperature Seasonality

Modern plant communities define global Biomes by their structure, floristics and physiognomy. The modern distribution and character of plant communities is determined by climate, large-scale biotic interactions and abiotic factors such as fire and other disturbance history. Biogeographic patterns also reflect past continental movements, dispersal, extinction and speciation events. The past distribution and history of the principal modern plant communities can be traced using key taxa and associations of taxa, and the foliar physiognomy of the biomal communities.The antecedents of many modern types of vegetation can be found in the mixed plant communities of the Cretaceous and earlier. Late Cretaceous angiosperm radiation and K/T extinctions substantially altered these plant communities, setting preconditions for subsequent evolution and the floristic character of terrestrial plant communities. Paleocene vegetation appears intermediate, and the main phase of floristic modernisation appears to have been during the Eocene.Tropical rainforests and deciduous forests of a modern aspect are well represented in Eocene macrofloras at middle and higher palaeolatitudes respectively, in North America, Europe and Australia. These forests partly reflected present day phytogeographic provincialism but many taxa exhibited past cosmopolitanism, having much reduced modern ranges. The presence of “tropical” forests at middle latitudes, well outside their present day latitudinal extent, reflects the Early to Middle Eocene thermal maximum with widespread equable, humid and subhumid climates. At higher latitudes macrofloras reflect deciduous angiosperm vegetation of lower diversity than the middle latitude rainforests. Deciduousness in these forests was probably an adaptation to seasonal darkness beyond the palaeo-Arctic circle, but at intermediate latitudes may have reflected adaptation to greater temperature seasonality. Coniferous forests are represented in Eocene macrofloras from high latitudes and from uplands in the middle latitudes. Grasses are present in some Eocene macrofloras, but grasslands do not appear in the fossil record until the Oligocene or later. They seem to be a response to climatic deterioration and an evolving mammalian biota. Forested and herbaceous wetland communities may have been more diverse and latitudinally more uniform in the Palaeogene than today, but are otherwise quite modern. Post Oligocene history of most plant communities is that of climate altered distribution and floristic extinction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document