Gas Stoves for Ordinary Domestic Use

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

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PEMETAAN POTENSI MATAAIR DI PULAU BALI

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v4i2.1853 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Noorhadi Rahardjo

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Volcanic Rock ◽

Urban Area ◽

Geologic Structure ◽

High Discharge ◽

Rock Formation ◽

Domestic Use

There are three objectives of this research. First, to map springs location, second to know spring characteristic and third to calculat springs potency for domestic use. To reach these aims, springs location were plotted on map base on its coordinate. Springs characteristic were analysed descriptively by spatial analysis base on geologic, geomorphologic and hydrogeologic conditions. Springs potency were calculated base on its discharge, whereas domestic use was determined 60 l/person/day for rural and 120 l/person/day for urban area. The study shows, that springs distribution in Bali Island are not homogeny Springs appearance were controlled by geologic structure as fault and rock contact. The differences of discharge also depend on the structure. Contact between volcanic rock (tuff and lahar) from Buyan-Bratan-Batur Formations with another rock formation in its surrounding result many springs appereance with high discharge. Beside that, orohydrology properties of Agung Mount as strato volcanic result springs belt in a certain elevation and each slope changing. Base on calculation, springs potency in Bali Island are 628.800 m3/month,whereas the domestic use is 9.079.990 m3/month. So, the springs potency is just 6,9% from domestic use in Bali Island.Key words : springs potency, springs distribution, springs characteristic

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DAYA SAING EKSPOR PRODUK CPO INDONESIA DAN POTENSI HILIRISASI DIOLAH MENJADI BIODIESEL

JURNAL PERSPEKTIF BEA DAN CUKAI ◽

10.31092/jpbc.v4i2.952 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Danar Agus Susanto

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Global Market ◽

National Standard ◽

Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

A Value ◽

World Demand ◽

Domestic Use

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the world's largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO). Even so, the trend of international trade in Indonesian CPO products has decreased in the last 10 years with a value of -10.19%. The decline in world demand for CPO can be dealt with by utilizing CPO as a biofuel for domestic use, like biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO in global trade and determine the parameters of the quality requirements of CPO and biodiesel. The competitiveness analysis method uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, while the analysis of the potential quality of CPO as a biofuel is carried out by analyzing the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). CPO trade in the global market is controlled by Indonesia with a market share of 50% and Malaysia 25.6%, with the declining trade trend in the last 10 years relatively (2010-2019) of -6.91%. The level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO products in 2019 is very strong, but on average in the last 10 years, the level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO is no better than that of Malaysia. Indonesia has SNI 01-2901-2006 and SNI 7182: 2015 as a determinant of the quality of CPO and biodiesel products developed in Indonesia so that the CPO and biodiesel produced fullfil sacurity and safety aspects when used by consumers.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), competitivenessv, quality, Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit mentah/ Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terbesar di dunia. Meskipun demikian, tren perdagangan internasional produk CPO Indonesia mengalami penurunan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir dengan nilai -10,19%. Penurunan permintaan dunia terhadap CPO, dapat disiasati dengan memanfaatkan CPO sebagai bahan bakar nabati untuk keperluan dalam negeri sebagai biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya saing CPO Indonesia dalam perdagangan global dan mengetahui parameter persyaratan mutu CPO dan biodiesel. Metode analisis daya saing menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), sedangkan analisis potensi kualitas CPO sebagai biofuel dilakukan dengan menganalisis Standar Nasional Indoensia (SNI). Perdagangan CPO dalam pasar global dikuasai oleh Indonesia dengan pangsa pasar 50% dan Malaysia 25,6%, dengan tren perdagangan relatif menurun dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2019) sebesar -6,91%. Tingkat daya saing produk CPO Indonesia pada tahun 2019 sangat kuat, namun secara rata-rata dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tingkat daya saing CPO Indonesia tidak lebih baik dari Malaysia. Indonesia memiliki SNI 01-2901-2006 dan SNI 7182:2015 sebagai penentu kualitas produk CPO dan biodiesel yang dikembangkan di Indonesia, sehingga CPO dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi aspek keamanan dan keselamatan ketika digunakan oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: crude palm oil (CPO), daya saing, kualitas, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

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