scholarly journals Regeneration of Aplysia Bag Cell Neurons is Synergistically Enhanced by Substrate-Bound Hemolymph Proteins and Laminin

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Callen Hyland ◽  
Eric R. Dufresne ◽  
Paul Forscher
Keyword(s):  
Hemolymph Proteins ◽  
Bag Cell Neurons

Ca2+ entry through a non-selective cation channel in Aplysia bag cell neurons

Neuroscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Geiger ◽  
C.M. Hickey ◽  
N.S. Magoski
Keyword(s):  
Cation Channel ◽  
Bag Cell Neurons

scholarly journals Vitellogenin receptor selectively endocytoses female-specific and highly-expressed hemolymph proteins in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoshan Han ◽  
Enxiang Chen ◽  
Guanwang Shen ◽  
Zhixin Peng ◽  
Yinying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Sf9 Cells ◽  
Tissue Localization ◽  
Vitellogenin Receptor ◽  
Hemolymph Proteins ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Oocyte Membrane ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

VgR, a member of the LDLR family, functions to transport vitellogenin into the ovaries to protome ovarian growth and embryonic development. In insects, the only widely accepted ligand of VgR is Vg. Recently, BmVgR has been shown to interact with BmSP1 in vitro. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether BmVgR could transport BmSP1 into certain cells. Although BmVgR could combine with BmVg and BmSP1, BmVgR did not affect the amount of BmSP1 taken up by Sf9 cells. Parallel immunofluorescence showed that most BmVg and BmVgR were localized in the inner oocyte membrane, showing tissue localization similar to that of BmVg labeled with pHrodo Red absorbed by the ovaries on day 2 of pupation. Although BmSP1 showed localization similar to BmVgR during the same phase, little BmSP1 was present in the ovary. Additionally, BmSP1 did not exist in ovaries when the ovaries contained BmVgR on day 5 of pupation, suggesting that BmSP1 in the ovaries was not endocytosed by BmVgR. In summary, BmVgR could facilitate uptake of BmVg by developing oocytes, but did not modulate in the transport of BmSP1.

Imaging Free Calcium in Cultured Aplysia Bag Cell Neurons

1991 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Miller ◽  
P. J. S. Smith ◽  
C. A. Rainville ◽  
O. Shimomura ◽  
F. Strumwasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Calcium ◽  
Bag Cell Neurons

The bag cell neurons ofAplysia

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jeffrey Conn ◽  
Leonard K. Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Bag Cell Neurons

Transient changes in intracellular calcium associated with a prolonged increase in excitability in neurons of Aplysia californica

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Fisher ◽  
S. Levy ◽  
L. K. Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Barium Ions ◽  
Transient Elevation ◽  
Bag Cell Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Transient stimulation of an afferent input to the bag cell neurons of Aplysia californica triggers a 30-min period of spontaneous firing termed the afterdischarge. Measurement of free calcium ion concentrations using calcium-sensitive electrodes revealed a biphasic pattern of elevation of intracellular calcium levels during the afterdischarge. Basal calcium levels at the soma were found to rise rapidly during afferent stimulation and then to decline before the onset of spontaneous firing. This early peak in intracellular calcium was followed by a slower, transient elevation of calcium levels during the period of rapid firing that occurs in the first few minutes of afterdischarge. Stimulation of clusters of bag cell neurons in a calcium-free external medium failed to trigger afterdischarge and produced no changes in basal intracellular calcium levels. 2. When calcium ions in the external medium were replaced by barium ions, stimulation of clusters of bag cell neurons triggered afterdischarges that were characterized by long-duration action potentials. Intracellular calcium levels during these afterdischarges rose slowly over the first few minutes of spontaneous firing. Because calcium-sensitive microelectrodes do not respond to barium ions, these data suggest that stimulation of afterdischarge triggers calcium release from an intracellular compartment. 3. During afterdischarges in barium-containing external media, each broadened action potential produced a discrete transient elevation of intracellular calcium levels. A similar effect was observed in isolated bag cell neurons in primary culture when action potentials were stimulated by depolarizing current pulses in a barium-containing medium. These data suggest that, under these conditions, individual action potentials trigger the release of intracellular calcium from some intracellular pool.

A voltage-clamp analysis of currents underlying cyclic AMP-induced membrane modulation in isolated peptidergic neurons of Aplysia

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Kaczmarek ◽  
F. Strumwasser
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Voltage Clamp ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Sodium Current ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Outward Currents ◽  
Bag Cell Neurons

A variety of chemical and electrophysiological evidence indicates that the onset of afterdischarge and the subsequent profound enhancement of spike broadening that occur in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia are related to an increase in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-(cAMP) dependent protein phosphorylation. We have now used a two-electrode voltage clamp to study the properties of isolated bag cell neurons in cell culture and their response to 8 benzylthio-cAMP (8BTcAMP) and N6-n-butyl 8BTcAMP. These membrane-permeant and phosphodiesterase-resistant cAMP analogs induce spontaneous discharge and spike broadening in both the intact bag cell cluster and isolated bag cell neurons in cell culture. The dominant inward current in these cultured cells was found to be the calcium current, Ica, which was abolished by Co2+ (20 mM) or Ni2+ (10 mM) and could be observed in Na+-free media. In a minority of cells (2 of 12), in normal ionic media, a transient inward current was observed that was unaffected by Co2+ and Ni2+ and probably represents a sodium current. The three characterized potassium currents, the delayed rectifying current IK, the calcium-dependent current IC, and the early transient current IA, distinguished by their differing pharmacological and voltage-activation properties, were present in all healthy cells. Three effects of the cyclic AMP analogs (0.5 mM) on the electrical properties of these cells were 1) the emergence of a region of negative slope resistance in the steady-state I-V relations, 2) a depression of the net sustained outward currents due to depolarizing commands, and 3) a marked reduction in IA. When outward currents had been largely suppressed using high concentrations of tetraethylammonium (TEA) ions (100-460 mM) no effects of the cyclic AMP analogs could be observed on peak inward currents using NA+ and Ca2+ or Ba2+ as carriers of inward current. At least part of these electrical effects of the cyclic AMP analogs could be accounted for by a depression of a delayed potassium current and the A current.

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