scholarly journals Enterovirus D68 Infections Associated with Severe Respiratory Illness in Elderly Patients and Emergence of a Novel Clade in Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna K. P. Lau ◽  
Cyril C. Y. Yip ◽  
Pyrear Su-Hui Zhao ◽  
Wang-Ngai Chow ◽  
Kelvin K. W. To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological study of enterovirus D68 in hospitalised children in Hong Kong in 2014–2015 and their complete coding sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000437
Author(s):  
Haichao Wang ◽  
Kinpong Tao ◽  
Cheuk Yin Leung ◽  
Kam Lun Hon ◽  
C M Apple Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Enterovirus D68

BackgroundHuman enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was first isolated in 1962 and has aroused public concern recently because of a nationwide outbreak among children in 2014–2015 in the USA. The symptoms include fever, runny nose, sneezing, cough and muscle pains. It might be associated with severe respiratory illness in individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions and its potential association with acute flaccid myelitis is under investigation. In Asia, EV-D68 cases have been reported in several countries.The studyWe aimed to understand the EV-D68 prevalence and their genetic diversity in Hong Kong children.MethodsA total of 10 695 nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples from hospitalised patients aged <18 years were collected from September 2014 to December 2015 in two regional hospitals. NPAs tested positive for enterovirus/rhinovirus (EV/RV) were selected for genotyping. For those identified as EV-D68, their complete coding sequences (CDSs) were obtained by Sanger sequencing. A maximum-likelihood phylogeny was constructed using all EV-D68 complete coding sequences available in GenBank (n=482).Results2662/10 695 (24.9%) were tested positive with EV/RV and 882/2662 (33.1%) were selected randomly and subjected to molecular classification. EV-D68 was detected in 15 (1.70%) samples from patients with clinical presentations ranging from wheezing to pneumonia and belonged to subclade B3. Eight CDSs were successfully obtained. A total of 10 amino acid residue polymorphisms were detected in the viral capsid proteins, proteases, ATPase and RNA polymerase.ConclusionB3 subclade was the only subclade found locally. Surveillance of EV-D68 raises public awareness and provides the information to determine the most relevant genotypes for vaccine development.

scholarly journals Respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells exhibit differential susceptibility and innate immune responses to EV-D68

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Culler Freeman ◽  
Alexandra I Wells ◽  
Jessica Ciomperlik-Patton ◽  
Michael M Myerburg ◽  
Liheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Type Iii Interferon ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and is associated with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 is often detected in patient respiratory samples but has also been detected in stool and wastewater, suggesting the potential for both respiratory and enteric routes of transmission. Here, we used a panel of EV-D68 isolates, including a historical pre-2014 isolate and multiple contemporary isolates from AFM outbreak years, to define the dynamics of viral replication and the host response to infection in primary human airway cells and stem cell-derived enteroids. We show that some recent EV-D68 isolates have decreased sensitivity to acid and temperature compared with earlier isolates and that the respiratory, but not intestinal, epithelium induces a robust type III interferon (IFN) response that restricts infection. Our findings define the differential responses of the respiratory and intestinal epithelium to contemporary EV-D68 isolates and suggest that a subset of isolates have the potential to target both the human airway and gastrointestinal tracts.

scholarly journals Severe Respiratory Illness Associated With Rhinovirus During the Enterovirus D68 Outbreak in the United States, August 2014–November 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila M Prill ◽  
Rebecca M Dahl ◽  
Claire M Midgley ◽  
Shur-Wern Wang Chern ◽  
Xiaoyan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals InVitroEfficacy of Antiviral Compounds against Enterovirus D68

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7779-7781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rhoden ◽  
Mingyu Zhang ◽  
W. Allan Nix ◽  
M. Steven Oberste
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Homogeneous Cell ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

ABSTRACTIn 2014, the United States experienced a large outbreak of severe respiratory illness associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). We used a homogeneous, cell-based assay to assess the antiviral activity of compounds developed for EV/rhinovirus infection or other indications. Three of 15 compounds were highly active against all four strains tested (the prototype and three 2014 strains), with 50% effective concentrations of 0.0012 to 0.027 μM. Additional studies are needed to assess theirin vivoefficacy against EV-D68.

scholarly journals Enterovirus D68 serosurvey: evidence for endemic circulation in the Netherlands, 2006 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveliina Karelehto ◽  
Gerrit Koen ◽  
Kimberley Benschop ◽  
Fiona van der Klis ◽  
Dasja Pajkrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Background Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has caused major outbreaks of severe respiratory illness worldwide since 2010. Aim Our aim was to evaluate EV-D68 circulation in the Netherlands by conducting a serosurvey of EV-D68 neutralising antibodies (nAb) among the Dutch general population. Methods We screened 280 sera from children and adults in the Netherlands and used two independent sets of samples collected in the years 2006 and 2007 and in the years 2015 and 2016, time points before and after the first EV-D68 upsurge in 2010. Neutralisation capacity of the sera was tested against the prototype Fermon EV-D68 strain isolated in 1962 and against a recent EV-D68 strain (genotype B3) isolated in France in 2016. Results Regardless of the time of serum collection, we found remarkably high overall seropositivity (94.3–98.3%) for nAb against both EV-D68 strains. Geometric mean titres increased in an age-dependent manner. Conclusions Our data suggest that EV-D68 has been circulating in the Netherlands for decades and that the enterovirus surveillance does not accurately capture the prevalence of this clinically relevant pathogen.

scholarly journals Respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells exhibit differential susceptibility and innate immune responses to contemporary EV-D68 isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Culler Freeman ◽  
Alexandra I. Wells ◽  
Jessica Ciomperlik-Patton ◽  
Michael M. Myerburg ◽  
Jennifer Anstadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Type Iii Interferon ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

AbstractEnterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and is detected in patient respiratory samples and from stool and wastewater, suggesting both respiratory and enteric routes of transmission. Here, we used a panel of EV-D68 isolates, including a historical isolate and multiple contemporary isolates from AFM outbreak years, to define the dynamics of viral replication and the host response to infection in primary human airway cells and stem cell-derived enteroids. We show that some recent EV-D68 isolates have decreased sensitivity to acid and temperature compared with an earlier isolate and that the respiratory, but not intestinal, epithelium induces a robust type III interferon (IFN) response that restricts infection. Our findings define the differential responses of the respiratory and intestinal epithelium to contemporary EV-D68 isolates and suggest that some isolates have the potential to target both the human airway and gastrointestinal tracts.

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