scholarly journals Severe respiratory illness associated with a nationwide outbreak of enterovirus D68 in the USA (2014): a descriptive epidemiological investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 879-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire M Midgley ◽  
John T Watson ◽  
W Allan Nix ◽  
Aaron T Curns ◽  
Shannon L Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals Enterovirus D68 Infections Associated with Severe Respiratory Illness in Elderly Patients and Emergence of a Novel Clade in Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna K. P. Lau ◽  
Cyril C. Y. Yip ◽  
Pyrear Su-Hui Zhao ◽  
Wang-Ngai Chow ◽  
Kelvin K. W. To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals Respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells exhibit differential susceptibility and innate immune responses to EV-D68

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Culler Freeman ◽  
Alexandra I Wells ◽  
Jessica Ciomperlik-Patton ◽  
Michael M Myerburg ◽  
Liheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Type Iii Interferon ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and is associated with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 is often detected in patient respiratory samples but has also been detected in stool and wastewater, suggesting the potential for both respiratory and enteric routes of transmission. Here, we used a panel of EV-D68 isolates, including a historical pre-2014 isolate and multiple contemporary isolates from AFM outbreak years, to define the dynamics of viral replication and the host response to infection in primary human airway cells and stem cell-derived enteroids. We show that some recent EV-D68 isolates have decreased sensitivity to acid and temperature compared with earlier isolates and that the respiratory, but not intestinal, epithelium induces a robust type III interferon (IFN) response that restricts infection. Our findings define the differential responses of the respiratory and intestinal epithelium to contemporary EV-D68 isolates and suggest that a subset of isolates have the potential to target both the human airway and gastrointestinal tracts.

scholarly journals Severe Respiratory Illness Associated With Rhinovirus During the Enterovirus D68 Outbreak in the United States, August 2014–November 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila M Prill ◽  
Rebecca M Dahl ◽  
Claire M Midgley ◽  
Shur-Wern Wang Chern ◽  
Xiaoyan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals InVitroEfficacy of Antiviral Compounds against Enterovirus D68

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7779-7781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rhoden ◽  
Mingyu Zhang ◽  
W. Allan Nix ◽  
M. Steven Oberste
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Homogeneous Cell ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

ABSTRACTIn 2014, the United States experienced a large outbreak of severe respiratory illness associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). We used a homogeneous, cell-based assay to assess the antiviral activity of compounds developed for EV/rhinovirus infection or other indications. Three of 15 compounds were highly active against all four strains tested (the prototype and three 2014 strains), with 50% effective concentrations of 0.0012 to 0.027 μM. Additional studies are needed to assess theirin vivoefficacy against EV-D68.

scholarly journals Enterovirus D68 serosurvey: evidence for endemic circulation in the Netherlands, 2006 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveliina Karelehto ◽  
Gerrit Koen ◽  
Kimberley Benschop ◽  
Fiona van der Klis ◽  
Dasja Pajkrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Background Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has caused major outbreaks of severe respiratory illness worldwide since 2010. Aim Our aim was to evaluate EV-D68 circulation in the Netherlands by conducting a serosurvey of EV-D68 neutralising antibodies (nAb) among the Dutch general population. Methods We screened 280 sera from children and adults in the Netherlands and used two independent sets of samples collected in the years 2006 and 2007 and in the years 2015 and 2016, time points before and after the first EV-D68 upsurge in 2010. Neutralisation capacity of the sera was tested against the prototype Fermon EV-D68 strain isolated in 1962 and against a recent EV-D68 strain (genotype B3) isolated in France in 2016. Results Regardless of the time of serum collection, we found remarkably high overall seropositivity (94.3–98.3%) for nAb against both EV-D68 strains. Geometric mean titres increased in an age-dependent manner. Conclusions Our data suggest that EV-D68 has been circulating in the Netherlands for decades and that the enterovirus surveillance does not accurately capture the prevalence of this clinically relevant pathogen.

scholarly journals Respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells exhibit differential susceptibility and innate immune responses to contemporary EV-D68 isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Culler Freeman ◽  
Alexandra I. Wells ◽  
Jessica Ciomperlik-Patton ◽  
Michael M. Myerburg ◽  
Jennifer Anstadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Type Iii Interferon ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

AbstractEnterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and is detected in patient respiratory samples and from stool and wastewater, suggesting both respiratory and enteric routes of transmission. Here, we used a panel of EV-D68 isolates, including a historical isolate and multiple contemporary isolates from AFM outbreak years, to define the dynamics of viral replication and the host response to infection in primary human airway cells and stem cell-derived enteroids. We show that some recent EV-D68 isolates have decreased sensitivity to acid and temperature compared with an earlier isolate and that the respiratory, but not intestinal, epithelium induces a robust type III interferon (IFN) response that restricts infection. Our findings define the differential responses of the respiratory and intestinal epithelium to contemporary EV-D68 isolates and suggest that some isolates have the potential to target both the human airway and gastrointestinal tracts.

scholarly journals To Swab or Not to Swab? The Lesson Learned in Italy in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4042
Author(s):  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
Maria Teresa Giraudo ◽  
Carmen Fava ◽  
Andrea Ricotti ◽  
Giuseppe Saglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Testing for the SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for tracking the spread of the virus and controlling the transmission dynamics. In the early phase of the pandemic in Italy, the decentralized healthcare system allowed regions to adopt different testing strategies. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the extensive testing of symptomatic individuals and their contacts on the number of hospitalizations against a more stringent testing strategy limited to suspected cases with severe respiratory illness and an epidemiological link to a COVID-19 case. A Poisson regression modelling approach was adopted. In the first model developed, the cumulative daily number of positive cases and a temporal trend were considered as explanatory variables. In the second, the cumulative daily number of swabs was further added. The explanatory variable, given by the number of swabs over time, explained most of the observed differences in the number of hospitalizations between the two strategies. The percentage of the expected error dropped from 70% of the first, simpler model to 15%. Increasing testing to detect and isolate infected individuals in the early phase of an outbreak improves the capability to reduce the spread of serious infections, lessening the burden of hospitals.

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