scholarly journals Anesthesia and brain sensory processing: impact on neuronal responses in a female songbird

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Karino ◽  
I. George ◽  
L. Loison ◽  
C. Heyraud ◽  
G. De Groof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Neuronal Responses

Modified Sensory Processing in the Barrel Cortex of the Adult Mouse After Chronic Whisker Stimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 2130-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Quairiaux ◽  
Michael Armstrong-James ◽  
Egbert Welker
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Responses

Chronic stimulation of a mystacial whisker follicle for 24 h induces structural and functional changes in layer IV of the corresponding barrel, with an insertion of new inhibitory synapses on spines and a depression of neuronal responses to the stimulated whisker. Under urethane anesthesia, we analyzed how sensory responses of single units are affected in layer IV and layers II & III of the stimulated barrel column as well as in adjacent columns. In the stimulated column, spatiotemporal characteristics of the activation evoked by the stimulated whisker are not altered, although spontaneous activity and response magnitude to the stimulated whisker are decreased. The sensitivity of neurons for the deflection of this whisker is not altered but the dynamic range of the response is reduced as tested by varying the amplitude and repetition rate of the deflection. Responses to deflection of nonstimulated whiskers remain unaltered with the exception of in-row whisker responses that are depressed in the column corresponding to the stimulated whisker. In adjacent nonstimulated columns, neuronal activity remains unaltered except for a diminished response of units in layer II/III to deflection of the stimulated whisker. From these results we propose that an increased inhibition within the stimulated barrel reduced the magnitude of its excitatory output and accordingly the flow of excitation toward layers II & III and the subsequent spread into adjacent columns. In addition, the period of uncorrelated activity between pathways from the stimulated and nonstimulated whiskers weakens synaptic inputs from in-row whiskers in the stimulated barrel column.

scholarly journals Novelty detection in early olfactory processing of the honey bee, Apis mellifera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lei ◽  
Seth Haney ◽  
Christopher Michael Jernigan ◽  
Chelsea Cook ◽  
Xiaojiao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Odor Stimulus ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Meaningful Stimuli

Animals are constantly bombarded with stimuli, which presents a fundamental problem of sorting among pervasive uninformative stimuli and novel, possibly meaningful stimuli. We evaluated novelty detection behaviorally in honey bees as they position their antennae differentially in an air stream carrying familiar or novel odors. We then characterized neuronal responses to familiar and novel odors in the first synaptic integration center in the brain, the antennal lobes. We found that the neurons that exhibited stronger initial responses to the odor that was to be familiarized are the same units that later distinguish familiar and novel odors, independently of chemical identities. These units, including both projection neurons and local neurons, showed a decreased response to the familiar odor but an increased response to the novel odor. Our results suggest that the antennal lobe may assign a category of familiarity or novelty to an odor stimulus in addition to its chemical identity code. Therefore, the mechanisms for novelty detection may be present in early sensory processing, either as a result of local synaptic interaction or via feedback from higher brain centers.

scholarly journals Cortical ensemble activity discriminates auditory attentional states

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan-tong Yao ◽  
Jia Shen ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Shaoyu Ge ◽  
Qiaojie Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Activity Space ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Passive Condition ◽  
Neuronal Ensemble ◽  
Passive Hearing ◽  
Ensemble Activity

Abstract Selective attention modulates sensory cortical activity. It remains unclear how auditory cortical activity represents stimuli that differ behaviorally. We designed a cross-modality task in which mice made decisions to obtain rewards based on attended visual or auditory stimuli. We recorded auditory cortical activity in behaving mice attending to, ignoring, or passively hearing auditory stimuli. Engaging in the task bidirectionally modulates neuronal responses to the auditory stimuli in both the attended and ignored conditions compared to passive hearing. Neuronal ensemble activity in response to stimuli under attended, ignored and passive conditions are readily distinguishable. Furthermore, ensemble activity under attended and ignored conditions are in closer states compared to passive condition, and they share a component of attentional modulation which drives them to the same direction in the population activity space. Our findings suggest that the ignored condition is very different from the passive condition, and the auditory cortical sensory processing under ignored, attended and passive conditions are modulated differently.

scholarly journals Optogenetically induced low-frequency correlations impair perception

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirvan Nandy ◽  
Jonathan J Nassi ◽  
Monika P Jadi ◽  
John Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Optical Stimulation ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deployment of covert attention to a spatial location can cause large decreases in low-frequency correlated variability among neurons in macaque area V4 whose receptive-fields lie at the attended location. It has been estimated that this reduction accounts for a substantial fraction of the attention-mediated improvement in sensory processing. These estimates depend on assumptions about how population signals are decoded and the conclusion that correlated variability impairs perception, is purely hypothetical. Here we test this proposal directly by optogenetically inducing low-frequency fluctuations, to see if this interferes with performance in an attention-demanding task. We find that low-frequency optical stimulation of neurons in V4 elevates correlations among pairs of neurons and impairs the animal’s ability to make fine sensory discriminations. Stimulation at higher frequencies does not impair performance, despite comparable modulation of neuronal responses. These results support the hypothesis that attention-dependent reductions in correlated variability contribute to improved perception of attended stimuli.

scholarly journals Contribution of behavioural variability to representational drift

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadra Sadeh ◽  
Claudia Clopath
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Behavioural State ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Allen Brain ◽  
Stable Substrate ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
External Stimuli

Neuronal responses to similar stimuli change dynamically over time, raising the question of how internal representations can provide a stable substrate for neural coding. While the drift of these representations is mostly characterized in relation to external stimuli or tasks, behavioural or internal state of the animal is also known to modulate the neural activity. We therefore asked how the variability of such modulatory mechanisms can contribute to representational drift. By analysing publicly available datasets from the Allen Brain Observatory, we found that behavioural variability significantly contributes to changes in stimulus-induced neuronal responses across various cortical areas in the mouse. This effect could not be explained by a gain model in which change in the behavioural state scaled the signal or the noise. A better explanation was provided by a model in which behaviour contributed independently to neuronal tuning. Our results are consistent with a view in which behaviour modulates the low-dimensional, slowly-changing setpoints of neurons, upon which faster operations like sensory processing are performed. Importantly, our analysis suggests that reliable but variable behavioural signals might be misinterpreted as representational drift, if neuronal representations are only characterized in the stimulus space and marginalised over behavioural parameters.

scholarly journals Optogenetically induced low-frequency correlations impair perception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirvan S. Nandy ◽  
Jonathan J. Nassi ◽  
John H. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Optical Stimulation ◽  
Area V4 ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractDeployment of covert attention to a spatial location can cause large decreases in low-frequency correlated variability among neurons in macaque area V4 whose receptive-fields lie at the attended location. It has been estimated that this reduction accounts for a substantial fraction of the attention-mediated improvement in sensory processing. These estimates depend on assumptions about how population signals are decoded and the conclusion that correlated variability impairs perception, is purely hypothetical. Here we test this proposal directly by optogenetically inducing low-frequency fluctuations, to see if this interferes with performance in an attention-demanding task. We find that low‐ frequency optical stimulation of neurons in V4 elevates correlations among pairs of neurons and impairs the animal’s ability to make fine sensory discriminations. Stimulation at higher frequencies does not impair performance, despite comparable modulation of neuronal responses. These results support the hypothesis that attention-dependent reductions in correlated variability contribute to improved perception of attended stimuli.

Magnitude Estimation and Cross-Modal Matching of Lingual Vibrotactile and Auditory Sensation

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Harris ◽  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Linda Petrosino
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Thenar Eminence ◽  
Stimulus Range ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Response Biases

The present experiment was a preliminary attempt to use the psychophysical scaling methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching to investigate suprathreshold judgments of lingual vibrotactile and auditory sensation magnitudes for 20 normal young adult subjects. A 250-Hz lingual vibrotactile stimulus and a 1000-Hz binaural auditory stimulus were employed. To obtain judgments for nonoral vibrotactile sensory magnitudes, the thenar eminence of the hand was also employed as a test site for 5 additional subjects. Eight stimulus intensities were presented during all experimental tasks. The results showed that the slopes of the log-log vibrotactile magnitude estimation functions decreased at higher stimulus intensity levels for both test sites. Auditory magnitude estimation functions were relatively constant throughout the stimulus range. Cross-modal matching functions for the two stimuli generally agreed with functions predicted from the magnitude estimation data, except when subjects adjusted vibration on the tongue to match auditory stimulus intensities. The results suggested that the methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching may be useful for studying sensory processing in the speech production system. However, systematic investigation of response biases associated with vibrotactile-auditory psychophysical scaling tasks appears to be a prerequisite.

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