Chapter 1. The Early History and Growth of Metal Phosphonate Chemistry

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Clearfield
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Metal Phosphonate

The “Almost Broadcasting Company” and the Birth of ABC Sports

ABC Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Travis Vogan
Keyword(s):  
College Football ◽  
Early History ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Network Television ◽  
Television Industry ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
Show Business ◽  
Sports Programming ◽  
The 1950S

During the 1950s, industry insiders jokingly referred to the unsuccessful American Broadcasting Company as the “Almost Broadcasting Company.” ABC turned to sports to forge an identity in network television and build a stable audience. It initially contracted its sports programming to Edgar Scherick’s Sports Programs Inc., which it purchased in 1961 and renamed ABC Sports. Scherick hired NBC producer Roone Arledge to oversee his college football broadcasts. Arledge developed a dramatized approach to sports television that would “take viewers to the game” and offer what he called an “up close and personal” perspective. Chapter 1 outlines ABC’s early history and turn to sports programming to build a niche in the television industry. It then discusses Arledge’s hiring, the development of his aesthetic, and the first ABC productions that embodied his effort to “add show business to sports” and set in motion the subsidiary’s main practices.

A History of Road Vehicles

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
David J. N. Limebeer ◽  
Matteo Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Chapter 1 is almost entirely discursive and covers the early history of road vehicles, outlining some of the important technological achievements that underpin the development of modern road vehicular transport. The focus is on bicycles, motorcycles, and cars; the history of steering mechanisms for four-wheeled vehicles is considered early on. Several early engine, suspension, and tyre developments are also discussed.

On Becoming Vietnamese

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonán Ó Briain
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Early History ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
Creative Artists

Chapter 1 examines the mythologization of the Hmong and other minorities by mainstream performing artists to show how those minorities have been inscribed into Vietnam’s national consciousness through popular music. The chapter traces the early history and migrations of the Hmong into the mountains of Southeast Asia to their formal identification as an ethnic group in French Indochina. From revolutionary songs (ca khúc cách mạnh) in the 1950s and 1960s to independent creative artists in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the multivalent superculture that comprises the Vietnamese mediascape has perpetuated a series of stereotypes about the minorities. Songs, artists, and composers are linked to historically situated political developments to illustrate the gradual assimilation of Hmong and other minorities into Vietnamese culture and society.

Settling Chattanooga

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Courtney Elizabeth Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Early History ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
People Today

Chapter 1 charts the historical relationship between Native dispossession and early city planning and development in downtown Chattanooga, to understand more deeply the complex relationship that many contemporary Chattanoogans have with the legacies of Cherokee dispossession that took place within their hometown’s borders. The chapter focuses on the construction of historical narratives of people and place during the pre-removal and Removal periods, and argues that a paternalistic, yet quasi-reverent and nostalgic, popular framing of Native culture and removal has profoundly impacted how many people today relate to, and represent, Chattanooga’s early history. Tracing the genealogy of race, property, and Native removal in the context of early city-building prepares the ground for later discussions of contemporary Native American placemaking activities along the Tennessee riverfront.

Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin C. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Early History ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Imperial Expansion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 1 establishes the historical timeframe for Roman Britain and places Boudica’s revolt in the context of Roman imperial expansion. The early history of Roman Britain shows the impact of the Romans from the time of Julius Caesar onward. After Claudius’s conquest of Britain in AD 43, Boudica’s Iceni rebelled unsuccessfully in AD 47/48. After the death of her husband Prasutagus, a number of issues combined to spark the revolt of AD 60/61. This chapter details Boudica’s revolt, focusing on discrepancies in our ancient sources and archaeological evidence. After her death, Roman rule continued to expand. While Boudica had little lasting impact on the expansion of Roman rule, she remained a cultural reference point for questions of gender and the negotiation of power in the Roman Empire.

Some early history of replica techniques for electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
Robert M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Early History ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Microscopes

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.

Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

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