College Students’ Choice Behavior of Electric Two-Wheeled Vehicle

Many countries have made great efforts to boost the use of electric vehicles in recent years; for example, advanced countries including Norway and the Netherlands in Europe and the United States have enhanced people’s willingness to use electric vehicles by means of appropriate subsidies and suppression of private vehicles. In Asia, Taiwan has been promoting the policy of replacing traditional fuel two-wheeled vehicles (FTWVs) with electric two-wheeled vehicles (ETWVs) and strengthening the policy by means of replacing a large number of old FTWVs and subsidizing the purchase of ETWVs. This study took college students as the subjects, as they were the first potential group to buy ETWVs, and their concept of environmental sustainability can be shaped for cultivating vehicle use habits. This study applies a questionnaire to probe into the ETWV usage preferences of college students and explores the significant factors affecting college students’ purchase of ETWVs. This study uses a mixed logit (MXL) model for estimation. The results of model estimation show that those who are younger, have higher income, have good experience in using ETWVs, and are in user-friendly external traffic environments, are more inclined to choose ETWVs. In the future, government units can formulate policies to promote ETWVs according to the characteristics of different relevant factors.

Theoretical Aspects of Accounting the Wear of Wheeled Vehicles When Assessing the Damage Caused to Them as a Result of Deterioration

The article is devoted to the problem of the validity of determining the wear of component parts when calculating the damage caused to a vehicle due to its deterioration. The authors address the legal line of arguments of the differentiated approach when deciding on the need to consider wear and tear. They also make suggestions on its practical reflection in forensic expert opinions. Finally, it is highlighted that when making decisions regarding wear and tear, it is essential to consider the method of compensation for damage caused and official legal information.The authors justify the necessity to use the provisions of the methodological recommendations developed in the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Russian Federation under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in the calculations, which will allow experts to formulate categorical and not relative or multivariate conclusions.

Pengembangan Penataan Perparkiran Universitas Hasanuddin Di Fakultas Teknik, Fakultas MIPA Dan Fakultas Farmasi

Meningkatnya pemilikan kendaraan bermotor civitas akademika Universitas Hasanuddin mengakibatkan peningkatan permintaan fasilitas parkir mengingat fasilitas parkir merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari sistem transportasi sehingga menimbulkan kesemrawutan perparkiran seperti yang dilihat pada area perparkiran Fakultas Teknik, Fakultas MIPA dan Fakultas Farmasi. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu menyusun konsep penataan ruang parkir yang dapat menjelaskan kapasitas ruang parkir efektif ditinjau berdasarkan tata layout bangunan dan kebutuhan parkir Fakultas Teknik, Fakultas MIPA, dan Fakultas Farmasi di Universitas Hasanuddin Tamalanrea, Makassar menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dalam menganalisis karakteristik parkir untuk mengetahui kapasitas parkir, volume parkir, akumulasi parkir, tingkat penggunaan parkir, dan kebutuhan parkir kendaraan roda dua dan roda empat yang keluar-masuk area parkir selama lima hari kerja mulai pukul 06.30 sampai dengan pukul 17.30 dengan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyusunan sebuah konsep penataan ruang parkir efektif di lingkungan tiga fakultas di Universitas Hasanuddin (Teknik, MIPA, dan Farmasi) berhasil disusun dengan merekomendasikan penggabungan beberapa lahan parkir menjadi satu area parkir kendaraan roda empat dan sentralisasi parkiran kendaraan beroda dua. The increasing number of vehicles ownership among the Hasanuddin University academic community resulted in increased demand for parking facilities; considering it is an integral part of the transportation system, the steep demands causing parking disorganize as seen in the parking facilities of the Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Pharmacy. This study attempts to propose a parking spaces rearrangement that could describe the effective capacity of parking area from the standpoint of the building layout planning and the parking spaces needs of the Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Hasanuddin Tamalanrea Makassar. Using descriptive quantitative research method in analyzing the characteristics of parking to determine the capacity of parking, parking volume, accumulated parking, parking usage levels, and the need for parking of the two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles entered and exited the parking area for five working days; starting at 06:30 AM until 17.30 PM, resulting a concept of an effective parking spaces rearrangement that encompassing the three faculty of Hasanuddin University (faculty of Engineering, Sciences, and Pharmacy) by recommending the incorporation of several of the parking lot into a four-wheeled vehicle parking areas and centralized parking facilities for two-wheeled vehicles.

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING CONDITION ON PARKING BUILDING AT SULTAN HASANUDDIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

<p>The existing parking area at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport Makassar has 675 four-wheel parking areas, which cannot accommodate about 10 million passengers in 2013 and every year there is an increase. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of parking, especially the handling of four-wheeled vehicles in the parking building from entry, dropout, pickup, maneuver, clearance, vehicle rotation and parking slots to exiting the building. Analyze the parking area related to the level of safety and ease of use of parking buildings, especially on the semi-basement floor at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport. The method used for this research is a qualitative method, namely research that is descriptive and tends to use analysis from the data that has been collected and direct observation on the existing parking building at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport Makassar. The data collection process was carried out in two stages, namely the preliminary survey and the main survey. The results of research and observations of the existing parking building at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, especially on the basement floor, show that the construction of a parking building that was built in terms of size, height clearance, slope, parking space layout, facilities are in accordance with the minimum standard of parking buildings, but there are some works such as sidewalks. and a stopper whose placement reduces the parking area and vehicle circulation.</p>

ON THE ISSUE OF INFORMATION INTERACTION IN THE TESTING LABORATORY OF WHEELED VEHICLES: RECORDS MANAGEMENT ASPECT

The documentary aspect of information interaction of the laboratory for testing of wheeled vehicles is analyzed. The main components of information interaction are identified, which are information infrastructure, information resources and information security. The automated information system used in the activities of the laboratory for testing wheeled vehicles, as well as the main types of documents created and used by the laboratory are described. The subjects of information interaction of the laboratory with which information is exchanged, including documents, have been identified. The documentation of the management system of the training-research-production motor transport laboratory has been systematized. The main traditional and electronic information resources used in the activities of the training-research-production motor transport laboratory are determined. Measures to ensure the protection of information are described, which consist in the use of a qualified electronic signature for identification in an automated information system, as well as for the signing of electronic documents.

CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLE TYPES USING BACKPROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORKS WITH METRIC AND ECENTRICITY PARAMETERS

One of the efforts to break down traffic jams is to establish special lanes that can be passed by two, four or more wheeled vehicles. By being able to recognize the type of vehicle can reduce congestion. Citran based vehicle classification helps in providing information about the vehicle type. This study aims to classify the type of vehicle using a backpropagation neural network algorithm. The vehicle image can be recognized based on its shape, then the backpropagation neural network algorithm will be supported by metric and eccentricity parameters to perform feature extraction. Then from the results of feature extraction with metric parameters and eccentricity, the object will be classified using a backpropagation neural network algorithm. The test results show an accuracy of 87.5%. This shows the algorithm can perform classification well.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE PARTIES IN CREDIT AGREEMENT WITH FIDUCIARY GUARANTEE AFTER THE ISSUENCE OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019

Fiduciary Guarantee Law is one of the material guarantees specifically regulated in Law No. 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary Guarantees that realizes the public's need for legal certainty but guaranteed objects still have economic value. Article 15 of Law No. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees is felt burdensome to debtors, because creditors make forced efforts to take fiduciary guarantee objects in the form of 2-wheeled and 4-wheeled vehicles. The purpose of this study is (1) Finding and analyzing the basis of the Constitutional Court's Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 (2) Finding and explaining the legal consequences of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 on legal protection for parties to credit agreements with fiduciary guarantees (3) Finding and explaining constraints on Financial Service Institutions (LJK) in the implementation of constitutional court decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019. The research method used is juridical normative and empirical with a case study approach so that achievements are more comprehensive related to the principle of legal protection for parties in fiduciary guarantees. The result obtained that since the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019, the executive confiscation cannot be done directly by creditors must go through a court decision. The executorial confiscation in Article 15 of Law Number 42 concerning Fiduciary Guarantee has been contrary to Article 1 (3), Article 27 (1), Article 28D (1), Article 28G (1) and Article 28H (4) of the Constitution of 1945. It takes good faith from the parties so that the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 guarantees justice, legal certainty and provides legal protection. An agreement is required in accordance with the principle of freedom of proportionate contract, there is a balance of position between the debtor and the creditor.

Methodology for Assessing and Managing the Environmental Performance of Skidding and Feller Buncher Tractors

Systematic assessments on the effects of skidding systems on features of forest blueberry pine soil were conducted as part of this study. Assessing the ecological efficiency of forest skidding machines showed that the most significant impact (by 2.0–2.2 times) on soil compaction was observed at loading sites rather than during transportation. Lightweight loam density and sand density increased by 25% and 2%, respectively, after more than two passages of the skidding system. Pressure in 33L-32 tires of forestry machinery in operation on a solid surface varied from 46.5 kPa to 196 kPa at maximum load. Studying the impact of tires on soil compaction showed that the environmental efficiency of forestry equipment can be enhanced if the optimal tire pressure at average loads does not exceed 70 kPa for tracked vehicles and 150 kPa for wheeled vehicles in summer seasons. When ground grips were fully immersed, the pressure of forwarders on soil was reduced. These study results can be used to establish organizational and technological measures in order to manage the negative impact of skidding systems and to increase the environmental effects of their performance.

Fuel Consumption of Wheeled Vehicle and Transportation Costs during Highway Construction/Reconstruction

A method is proposed for determining the fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle depending on its speed, road surface flatness and road slope in the longitudinal direction. The purpose of the research is to derive mathematical relationships for calculating the fuel consumption of vehicles, which is one of the transport cost factors during the construction/reconstruction or overhaul of a highway. The proposed polynomial dependencies for calculating fuel in addition to vehicle speed, road surface flatness and its longitudinal slope take into account the mass-dimensional parameters of vehicles involved in road traffic. New mathematical relationships between the speed of wheeled vehicles, road surface flatness and longitudinal road slope allow to simulate the change in the value of fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle when the speed of traffic flow or the slope of the road surface changes in the forward or reverse direction of the vehicle. In a graphic way, the influence of the pavement slope on the value of fuel consumption, both loaded and unloaded wheeled vehicle is presented. When determining transport costs associated with the highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul it is proposed to use empirical mathematical relationships, which make it possible to obtain fuel consumption with an accuracy of 5 % and save up to 15 % of budget (private) investments. The analysis of scientific publications of the existing approach determine the transport costs associated with highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul. The presented method for determining the fuel consumption of wheeled vehicles with small and large loading capacity increases the accuracy of determining transportation costs and reduces the level of financial costs for highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul.

Recommendations for deck primary supporting members design as applied to pillarless construction of ro-ro ships

Статья посвящена вопросам определения размеров набора грузовых стационарных палуб морских стальных судов типа Ro-Ro на ранних стадиях проектирования. В силу большого расстояния между поперечными переборками в случае отсутствия пиллерсов карлингсы палуб не являются опорами для рамных бимсов. Однако, как показывает практика, они всегда включаются в конструктивную схему палубы, так как позволяют разнести локальную нагрузку между соседними рамными бимсами, обеспечивают устойчивость их стенок, а также вовлекаются в работу в составе перекрытия при некоторых сценариях нагружения. В литературе отсутствуют рекомендации по выбору расчётной ширины их присоединенного пояска, расчётных значений изгибающих моментов и перерезывающих сил при восприятии нагрузки от разного типа груза. Исследование выполнялось на примере перекрытия грузовой палубы длиной 64,4 м на основе МКЭ. Были разработаны КЭ-модели палубы в балочной и оболочечно-балочной идеализациях. Вторая модель использовалась для оценки адекватности результата, получаемого на более простой модели. Рассмотрены 8 сценариев нагрузки. При определении ширины присоединенного пояска за величину условного пролёта принималось расстояние между точками, в которых величина изгибающего момента принимает нулевое значение. Показано, что карлингсы активно вовлекаются в работу при частичной загрузке трюма контейнерами в несколько ярусов, а также при работе погрузчика. Расчётная ширина их присоединенного пояска составила 0,60…0,75 расстояния между карлингсами при действии нагрузки от колёсной техники и оказалась близка к этому расстоянию при восприятии нагрузки от контейнеров при их поперечной укладке. Авторами предложено в качестве первого приближения значение расчётного изгибающего момента для карлингсов определять в долях от соответствующего значения для рамных бимсов. The paper deals with a design of deck primary structures of Ro-Ro vessels at early design stages. Due to the large distance between transverse bulkheads, in the case of no pillar construction, deck girders cannot be considered as supports for deck transverses. The common practice however, is to provide deck structures with deck girders anyway. It helps to distribute the local loads between transverses and to ensure the stability of deck transverses web plates. In addition, for a localized loads on deck structures girders to some extent contribute to local strength of the deck. Practically, deck girder scantlings are usually larger than those based on the minimum thickness, web depth and slenderness requirements of classification society rules. There are no publications proposing recommendations for deck girders design in pillarless structures of ro-ro ships at the early stages. Prescriptive recommendations should primarily include design bending moment value and effective breadth of the attached plate in different loading scenarios. The results presented in this paper are based on the linear finite element (FE) analysis of Ro-Ro deck having a length of 64.4 meters. Since the goal of the study was to develop recommendations for structural design aligned with prescriptive requirements of RS rules the research is provided with beam analysis carried out for 8 different loading scenarios. All of the reference calculations were made in FESTA-2020 software developed in SMTU as a part of CAD/СAE software ALMAZ-K. Verification is made with more sophisticated shell model analysis carried out in ANSYS with similar assumptions. The effective breadth of deck girders attached plate is calculated considering a distance between zero bending moment points as a nominal span. It is shown that the deck girders are highly stressed in loading cases with stacked containers and working fork lift. The calculated width of their attached plate which is in range from 0.60 to 0.75 of the distance between girders S under the load from the wheeled vehicles turns out to be close to Sin case of loading of transversely stacked containers. The authors propose to determine value of the design bending moment for deck girders at the early stages depending on span and loading of deck transverses.