scholarly journals The influence of electromagnetic fields from two commercially available water-treatment devices on calcium carbonate precipitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Piyadasa ◽  
T. R. Yeager ◽  
S. R. Gray ◽  
M. B. Stewart ◽  
H. F. Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

CaCO3 precipitation profiles, tracked by absorbance at 350 nm, showing accelerated precipitation upon exposure of the parent solutions to a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) from a commercially available device.

Combined effect of constant high voltage electrostatic field and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on the morphology of calcium carbonate scale in circulating cooling water systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Dong Zhao ◽  
Zhi-An Liu ◽  
Er-Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

Research on scale inhibition is of importance to improve the heat transfer efficiency of heat exchangers. The combined effect of high voltage electrostatic and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on calcium carbonate precipitation was investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. Using energy dispersive spectrum analysis, the predominant phase was found to be CaCO3. The formed crystal phases mainly consist of calcite and aragonite, which is, in part, verified by theory. The results indicate that the setting of water flow velocity, and high voltage electrostatic and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields is very important. Favorable values of these parameters can have a significant anti-scaling effect, with 68.95% of anti-scaling ratio for scale sample 13, while unfavorable values do not affect scale inhibition, but rather promoted fouling, such as scale sample 6. By using scanning electron microscopy analysis, when the anti-scaling ratio is positive, the particle size of scale was found to become smaller than that of untreated sample and the morphology became loose. The X-ray diffraction results verify that the good combined effect favors the appearance and growth of aragonite and restrains its transition to calcite. The mechanism for scale reduction is discussed.

scholarly journals Successful application of pulsed electromagnetic fields in a patient with post-COVID-19 fatigue: a case report

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wagner ◽  
Margarete Steiner ◽  
Lovro Markovic ◽  
Richard Crevenna
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

Summary Background Post-COVID-19 fatigue is a frequent symptom in COVID-19 survivors, which substantially limits patients to achieve full recovery and potentially restrains return to work. The previous literature has not yet reported the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in this indication. Methods Over the course of 5 weeks, 10 sessions of pulsed electromagnetic field treatment with a high magnetic flux density were applied to a patient suffering from post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome. Fatigue, work ability, quality of life as well as anxiety, depression, stress level, and resilience were evaluated using validated patient-reported outcome measures. Results Fatigue, work ability, quality of life, and psychological well-being improved clearly over the course of the treatment and showed stable results 6 weeks later. Conclusion The use of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy with a device that allows sufficient penetration of the body tissue might be a promising physical modality to manage post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome, which could reduce clinical and economic health consequences. Clinical sham-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in this indication.

scholarly journals Possible Mechanism of the Effects of the Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Analgesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demirkazik A ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptor ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

With the development of technology, it has become possible for various measuring devices to measure the size of electromagnetic fields nowadays. Therefore, it has been realized that biological creatures are under the influence of electromagnetic fields with increasing intensity. This mini-review aims to state that exposure to a very-low-frequency electromagnetic field affects living beings by using the systems we know and to draw the attention of researchers to this point. While very low frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) affect living things thermally, researches that living things are made by strengthening or accelerating neurotransmitter-receptor interaction have increased in recent years.

Experimental study on calcium carbonate precipitation using electromagnetic field treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Xuefei ◽  
Xiong Lan ◽  
Chen Jiapeng ◽  
Yang Zikang ◽  
He Wei
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Electric Pulses

The present study investigated the effectiveness of electromagnetic fields in preventing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fouling in cooling water. Four different frequencies and two different voltages were adopted to induce electromagnetic fields directly in water with constant water temperature and constant flow velocity. Artificial hard water was used. The solution conductivities decreased by 17–25% from their initial values in the electromagnetic anti-fouling treatment (EAT) cases, depending on different frequencies of electric pulses, whereas the untreated case dropped by 31%. The particle size became small and the crystal structure changed into loose style after EAT. The EAT device independently developed by the State Key Laboratory had been validated as an effective apparatus in preventing CaCO3 fouling in cooling water.

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