scholarly journals Mineral identity, natural organic matter, and repeated contaminant exposures do not affect the carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation of 2,4-dinitroanisole during abiotic reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Berens ◽  
Bridget A. Ulrich ◽  
Jennifer H. Strehlau ◽  
Thomas B. Hofstetter ◽  
William A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Abiotic Reduction ◽  
Hydrolysis Reactions

The fractionation of nitrogen and carbon isotopes during the reduction of 2,4-dinitroanisole is substantially different than that observed for hydrolysis reactions.

Substituent Effects on Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation During Abiotic Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1997-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Hofstetter ◽  
Anke Neumann ◽  
William A. Arnold ◽  
Akané E. Hartenbach ◽  
Jakov Bolotin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Nitroaromatic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Abiotic Reduction

An experimental study on variations in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation during growth of Mysis mixta and Neomysis integer

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2203-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gorokhova ◽  
Sture Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Neomysis Integer ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Mysis Mixta ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Isotopic Signal

The trophic isotope fractionation of mysids, in response to a change in the isotopic composition in their diet, was examined in the laboratory. Field-caught Mysis mixta and Neomysis integer had similar δ13C values, ranging between -23.1 and -21.5‰. They also had similar δ15N values, and for both species, this value increased with body size. Experimental starvation did not change the isotopic composition. To test for metabolic fractionation of isotopes, the mysids were fed different diets, newly hatched Artemia and detrital Enteromorpha. The isotopic composition was monitored in abdominal muscle tissue, exoskeleton, and feces over 12 weeks. The δ13C composition in muscle tissue had not reached an isotopic equilibrium with the diet at the end of the experiment, while the exoskeleton came into equilibrium with the food in 2-3 weeks. Muscle was enriched in 15N relatively to the food, +3.6‰ for Artemia and +2.7‰ for Enteromorpha. The isotopic composition in muscle, exuviae, and feces may form a basis for diet reconstruction of mysids. The feces δ13C and δ15N values mirror the diet over the last few hours, exuviae δ13C values represent nutrients metabolized 2-3 weeks ago, and muscle tissue integrates the isotopic signal over a relatively long period.

scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation of amino acids in an avian marine predator, the gentoo penguin ( Pygoscelis papua )

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1278-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelton W. McMahon ◽  
Michael J. Polito ◽  
Stephanie Abel ◽  
Matthew D. McCarthy ◽  
Simon R. Thorrold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Gentoo Penguin ◽  
Pygoscelis Papua ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation

Using Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation To Assess Abiotic Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (24) ◽  
pp. 7710-7716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akané Hartenbach ◽  
Thomas B. Hofstetter ◽  
Michael Berg ◽  
Jakov Bolotin ◽  
René P. Schwarzenbach
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Nitroaromatic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Abiotic Reduction

Decolorisation of natural organic matter by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: the effect of environmental conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rojek ◽  
F.A. Roddick ◽  
A. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown to rapidly decolorise a solution of natural organic matter (NOM). The effect of various parameters such as carbon and nitrogen content, pH, ionic strength, NOM concentration and addition of Mn2+ on the colour removal process was investigated. The rapid decolorisation was related to fungal growth and biosorption rather than biodegradation as neither carbon nor nitrogen limitation, nor Mn2+ addition, triggered the decolorisation process. Low pH (pH 3) and increased ionic strength (up to 50 g L‒1 added NaCl) led to greater specific removal (NOM/unit biomass), probably due to increased electrostatic bonding between the humic material and the biomass. Adsorption of NOM with viable and inactivated (autoclaved or by sodium azide) fungal pellets occurred within 24 hours and the colour removal depended on the viability, method of inactivation and pH. Colour removal by viable pellets was higher under the same conditions, and this, combined with desorption data, confirmed that fungal metabolic activity was important in the decolorisation process. Overall, removals of up to 40–50% NOM from solution were obtained. Of this, removal by adsorption was estimated as 60–70%, half of which was physicochemical, the other half metabolically-dependent biosorption and bioaccumulation. The remainder was considered to be removed by biodegradation, although some of this may be ascribed to bioaccumulation and metabolically-dependent biosorption.

Nitrogen isotope fractionation during the reduction of NO3− to NH4+ by Desulfovibrio sp.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. L. McCready ◽  
W. D. Gould ◽  
R. W. Barendregt
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Reductive Process

Desulfovibrio reduce NO3−to NH4+ via a dissimilatory pathway. In 21 days, four strains of Desulfovibrio reduced 36–48% of the available NO3− to ammonium. During this reductive process extensive nitrogen isotope fractionation occurred: the product NH4+ was enriched in 15N in the initial sample, then became enriched in 14N to a minimum value at approximately 20–25% reaction, and then became isotopically heavier as the reaction proceeded.

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